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T H E HIS T O R Y 

OF 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 

MARYLAND, 






FROM IT: 



Earliest Settlement in 1650 to 187!) : 

The Early Land Grants. — By whom patented. — Their order of 

Settlement atntd Present Owners. — Local and General 

Events. — Leading Incidents. — Principal Towns, 

Villages, &c. — Its Soil, Products, and 

Industries. Also, 

SKETCHES OF THE PROMINENT MEN OF THE COUNTY. 

DIRECTORY 

• Of Post Offices, Merchants, Manufacturers, Professors, 

Farmers, Tobacco Planters, Mechanics, Mills, 

Colleges, Schools, and Churches. 

WITH AN APPENDIX, 

Containing a Description of the Prominent Business Houses 
of Washington and Georgetown. 

COMPILED AND ARRANGED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES, 

BY 

T. H. S. BO Y D, 

CLARKSBURG, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND. 

1879-. r / 



ifri 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1879, 

By T. H. S. Boyd, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



BALTIMORE \ 

W. K. BOYLE & SON, 

PRINTERS. 



??L 



;m 



PREFACE. 



In offering the present history to the public and the citizens 
of Montgomery County, it appears necessary for the publisher 
to present the motive that induced him to undertake the publi- 
cation. 

During the Centennial year of our National Independence, 
the President of the United States issued a Proclamation, 
requesting- the people to assemble in their respective towns and 
counties, and rescue from obscurity and oblivion the incidents 
and events connected with the first century of the Nation. 

Previous to the issue of this proclamation, the people of 
Montgomery County had resolved to celebrate the one hun- 
dredth anniversary of the organization of the County, on the 
Fair Grounds, at Rockville, September 6th, 1870. Speeches 
were delivered by A. B. Davis, Esq., T. Anderson, Esq., 
Judge Richard J. Bowie, Judge Pearre, Judge Jones, and others. 
The exhibition buildings of the Fair Grounds were tilled with 
relics and curiosities, giving a faithful reflex of the past. 

The object in the publication of this volume is to collect and 
arrange the materials, with such an arrangement of the matter 
as to give a true and faithful history of the County, in as con- 
cise and succinct style as the subject will admit; commencing 
with a brief sketch of the manners and customs of the abo- 
rigines, who once inhabited this region of country, and continu- 
ing with the earlier settlements by the whites, down through 
the period of the Revolution and the peaceful times that fol- 
lowed until the present, including geological features, streams, 



IV PREFACE. 

natural curiosities, general statistics, taxable property, synop- 
sis of census, public improvements, towns, villages and post 
offices, with biographical sketches of distinguished persons, 
immigration and its effects, agriculture, pomology, and the cul- 
ture of bees. Also, a complete Directory of Merchants, Far- 
mers, Planters, Mechanics, Professions, etc., with a copious 
Appendix, containing sketches of the prominent mercantile 
and manufacturing interests of Baltimore and the District of 
Columbia, which are identified with the prosperity of Mont- 
gomery County. 

The publisher takes pleasure in tendering his unfeigned 
acknowledgments to all those who have contributed material 
for this publication; especially to William Grady, Esq., the effi- 
cient County Surveyor. 

T. H. S. BOYD. 



CONTENTS. 



Ch wter \.— The Aborigines or Indians 9 

Their customs and habits.— Treatment of strangers. — Treat- 
ment of enemies. — Their vices.— Marriages.— Indian huts 
or wigwams.— Dress. — Religious ceremonies, etc. 

Chapteb II.— The Indians — Continued 18 

Their amusements. — War Dances. — Hunting and Fishing 
their chief employment, — Dances. — The Calumet,— Dis- 
eases. — The medicine men or doctors. — Death and burials. — 
Lord's Prayer in their native language, etc. 

Chapter III 18 

The Founder of Maryland. — Granting of the Charter. — Powers 
conferred by the Charter. — Sailing of the Colonists. — Arri- 
val in the Chesapeake Bay.— Landing on Blackiston Island. — 
Settlement at St, Mary's. — Friendly relations secured with 
the Indians. — Extending the settlements to St. George's and 
Montgomery. — Peace and Prosperity. — Missionaries. — A 
period of Thirty Years. 

Chapter IV 23 

Climate and Productions. — Tobacco and Corn, staple produc- 
tions. — Oysters, Came and Fish. — Indentured Whites. — 
Slaves introduced from Virginia, — Tobacco the medium of 
barter and exchange. — Tobacco shipments. — Silver coins. — 
Fruit and Cider. — Mails. — Quakers or Friends. — Indians. — 
Toleration. 

Chapter V. — Land Grants 29 

Joseph's Park. — Girl's Portion. — Leeke Forest, — Hermitage. — 
Saint Winexburg. — Carroll's Forest— Dan. — Brightw ell's 
Hunting Quarter. — Clean Drinking. — Bear Neck. — Maiden's 
Fancy. — Bear Bacon. — Friendship.— Charles and Thomas. — 
Friendship. — Clagett's Purchase. — Huntington. — ■ Conten- 
tion. — Bradford's best, — Addition to Bradford's Best. — 
Bradford's Best.— Dung Hill. — Thompson's Hop Yard. — 



Vi CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Cool Spring Level. — Allison's Park. — Archibald's Lot. — 
Younger Brother — Dispute. — Two Brothers. — The New 
Exchange. — Addition to Dan. — Joseph and James. 

Chapter VI. — Land Grants — Continued 3G 

Easy Purchase. — Friendship Enlarged. — Drumaldry. — Lay 
Hill. — Snowden's Manor. — Snowden's Manor Enlarged. — 
Charles and Benjamin.— George the Third. — Beall's Manor.— 
Beall Christie. — Bear Garden Enlarged. — Deer Park. — 
Snowden Mill. — Charley Forest. — Addition to Charley For 
est. — Hygham. — Gold's Branch.— Gitting's Hah ! Hah ! ! — 
Bordley's Choice. — Brooke Grove. — Addition to Brooke 
Grove. — John and Sarah. — Benjamin's Lot. — New Year's 
Gift. — Autra — Easy Come By.— Mill Land. — Boyd's De- 
lay. — Magruder's Hazard. — Paradise. — Bernard's Desire. — 
Wickham and Pottinger's Discovery. — Partnership. — The 
Brothers' Industry. — Deer Park. — Fellowship. — Constant 
Friendship. 

Chapter VII. — Land Grants — Continued 43 

Wickham's Good Will. — The Joseph. — Middle Plantation. — 
Magruder and Beall's Honesty. — Clewerwald Enlarged. — 
Goose Pond. — Bear Den. — Prevention. — Saint Mary's. — 
Valentine's Garden Enlarged. — Re-survey on Valentine's 
Garden Enlarged.— Haymond's Addition. — Concord. — Han- 
over. — Flint's Grove. — Happy Choice. — Hopewell. — Jere- 
miah's Park. — Partnership. — The Re-survey on Part of 
Forest. — Banks' Venture. — Abraham's Lot. — Killmain. — 
John's Delight. — Conclusion.— Turkey Thicket. — Benja 
min's Square. — Spring Garden. — Abel's Levels. — Moored 
Delight. — Pork Plenty, if no Thieves. — Chestnut Ridge. — 
Ralfo. — Grandmother's Good Will. — Cow Pasture. — Peach 
Tree Hill.— Errors Corrected.— Very Good.— Bite the Biter.— 
Silent Valley. — Trouble Enough Indeed. 

Chapter VIII 49 

Frederick City. — Georgetown, D. C. — Tobacco. — Rolling 
Roads. — French War. — Defeat of General Braddock. — Mas- 
sacre of the Settlers. — The Revolution. — Meeting at old 
Hungerford Tavern. — Resolutions. — Formation of Montgo- "i- 
mery County.— Named after General Richard Montgomery. — 
Rockville, the County Seat. — Districts of the County. — 
Orphans' Court, — Registers of Wills. — Members of the 
SI ale Convention. 



CONTENTS. Vii 

PASS. 

Chapter IX 55 

A Period of One Hundred and Forty Years. — The First Con- 
tinental Congress. — Maryland Convention. — Enrollment and 
Organization of Companies. — The First Blood shed in the 
Revolutionary War, 19th April, 1775.— Captain Cresap's 
Company.— Their bravery in battle.— Powder Mills. — Can- 
non Manufactories. — Contingent called from Montgomery 
County. — -The deeds of prowess in Virginia and the Caro- 
Carolinas. — Revolutionary Officers from the County. — The 
War of 1812.— Distinguished Officers in the War of the 
Rebellion. 

Chapter X 61 

First Revolutionary Soldier. — Montgomery's Revolutionary 
Roll. — Pension Acts. — Names of Pensioners. — Meteoric 
Showers, as witnessed at the home of Charles Saffell, the 
Oldest Pensioner on the List. — Scenes in Gaithersburg and 
Rockville. 

Chapter XI 67 

First Member of Congress from this County. — Whiskey Insur- 
rection in Pennsylvania. — Names of Montgomerians who 
served in the Federal Congress. — Hon. Montgomery Blair 
as Cabinet Minister. — Members of Reform State Conventions, 
1850-51, '64, '07.— First County Surveyor.— First Schools.— 
An Act for Purchasing School Property.— Academies, Col- 
leges, &c, and their Students. 

Chapter XII 75 

First Public Roads. — Rolling Tobacco to Market. — Union 
Turnpike. — Washington, Colesville and Ashton. — Colum- 
bia. — The Old Baltimore. — River Road.— Old Annapolis. — 
Conduit. — Old Potomac Company. — Subscriptions to said 
Company. — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. — Coal Elevators 
in Georgetown. — First Railroad in the Country. — Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad, Metropolitan Branch. 

Chapter XIII. — Prominent Men 84 

Col. John Berry. — Elisha Riggs. — Samuel Riggs. — Mrs. Ann 
Poultney. — Philip E. Thomas. — Rev. Reuben T. Boyd. — 
His Ordination as Minister of the Gospel. — His Certificate 
to perform marriage, signed by General Wm Henry Harri- 
son. — John C. Clark. — George R. Gaither. — Israel H. B., and 
A. and R. R. Griffith. — Thomas L. Reese. — William Darne. — 
Rev. Thomas McCormick. — Thomas Moore. — Caleb Bent- 
ly. — Isaac Riggs. — Roger Brooke. — Hon. Francis P. Blair. — 



Mil CONTENTS. 

r.H.H 

Robert Pottinger. — Dr. William Bowie Magruder. -Major 

George Peter. -Drs. Duvall. — Tobacco Inspectors.- Robert 

Bellman. — Thomas 15. \V. Vinson.— Triadelphia Cotton 
Factory. 

Cb vrri'.u XTV. — Prominent Men — Continued 94 

Hon. Geo. W. Hilton. — William Darne, of .Mountain View.— 
Prof. Benjamin Hallowed. — Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. — Ed- 
ward Stabler. — W. T. R. Saflfell. — Francis Cassott Clopper. — 

William Wilson.— Leonidas Wilson. — Hon. Thomas Lans- 
dale. — Dr. Richard Waters. — John S. Belt,— Hon. Richard 

Waters, and others. 

Chaptbb XV 1W 

Boundaries of the County. — Building Stone. — Rooting Slate. — 
Gold.— Chrome.— Quantity of Land and its Value.— Number 

of Horses and other Cattle. — Farm Productions for 1878. — 
Intellectual, Social and Agricultural Institutions. — Popula- 
tion from 17!)0 to 1870. — Society of Friends. — Improve- 
ments at the close of the Internecine War. — Influence of 
the Metropolitan Railroad. 

Present Officers of the County in 

Cii.\ ptbb XVI. — ApicuUwre. — Peach Culture , 112 

Keeping and Propagation of Bees. — Process of removing 
Honey, without destroying Bees. — Principal Be< Rais< r s in 
the County. Peach Trees. — Propagation of Trees. — List of 
desirable variet ies. 

Chaptbb XVII. — The Washington Grow Gimp Ground lb~> 

Incorporators. — Objects. — Location. — Present and Past Offi- 
cers. — Cottages. — Tents. — Owners. 



DIRECTORY OF TOWNS AND VILLAGES, 

'UNO TllF. POST OFFICE ADDRESS OF MERCHANTS, FARMERS, 4C 

G 

Barnesville Hi) 



Beallsville I -" 

Bethesda 120 

s 121 

Brighton 121 

Brookeville 188 

Burtonsville 123 

Cabin John 123 



( !edar Grove 128 

Clarksburg 184 

Colesville 196 

Damascus 186 

Darnestown 186 

Dawsonville 127 

Dickerson 187 

Edwards' Ferry 128 



CONTENTS. 



IX 



IM C. I . 

Fairland 186 

Four Corners 129 

Gaithersburg 139 

Germantown 130 

Goshen 131 

Great Falls 181 

Hyattstown 188 

Hunting Hill....* 132 

Snowies' 133 

Laytonsville 183 

Martinsburg 134 

Middlebrook 184 

Monocacy 135 

Montrose 135 

Norbeck 136 



r\r.r.. 

Offutt's -4- Roads 136 

Olney 137 

Poolesville 138 

Redland 139 

Rockville 139 

Sandy Springs 141 

Bellman'fl 148 

Seneca 149 

Sligo 142 

Spencerville 142 

Sunshine 148 

Triadelphia 143 

Wheaton 143 

White's Ferry 144 



DIRECTORY OF PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS. 
GEORGETOWN, D. C. 



Agricultural Implements. 

Dunlap, G. T 149 

Ale, Wine and Cider. 

Palmer, Samuel C 156 

Cement and Pleat* r. 

Waters, J. G. & J. M 158 

Cigars and Tobaeeo. 

Hay, Peter J 151 

Coal. 

Borden Milling Company.. 149 
Commission Merchants. 

Hartley ft Brother 158 

Waters, J..O. ft J. M 158 

Dry Goods, Notions, &c. 

Gibbons ft Burroughs 154 

Dyeing and Gleaning, (Steam.) 

Wheatley, Win. H 155 

Express (New) Line. 

Hyde, G.F., Agent 155 



Fertilvst re. 

Dunlap, G.T 149 

Flour Mills. 

Capital— Tenney ft Sons.. 148 
Pioneer — Herr & Cissel. . .148 

Grain, Feed and Hay. 

Jackson, D. B 159 

■ 

Bradt, A. H ; ....148 

Cropley's (S.) Sons. ..'..... 146 

Lyddane, Eugene T 154 

Lyddane, John 156 

Offutt. Win. A. A Brother. 152 

Hardware, Iron and Steel. 

Gilbert, H. P 151 



Hats, Caps, &c. 

Barron, J. O. . . . 

Hotel and Restaurant. 

bt, . . . . 



.158 



157 



CONTENTS. 



Lager Beer Brevk 

Dentze, Mrs. Simon 156 

Liquors. 

Bradt, A. H 148 

Cropley's 1 8.) Sons 140 

Offutt, Wm. A. ft Bro 162 

Lumber. 

Libber, Jos. ft J. E 150 

Wheatley Brothers 145 

Mineral Water Manufactory. 

Palmer, Samuel C 156 



Powder. 

Cropley's (S.) Sons 146 

Potomac Blue Stone. 

Gilbert, H. P 151 

Restaurant. 

Arlow, Robert T 147 

Ship and Canal Stores. 

Bradt, A. H 148 

U. B. Mutual Aid Society of Pa. 

Kaiser, , Agent 157 

Tobacco, Snuff* and Cigars. 

Cropley's (S.) Sons 146 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 



Artist* 1 and Woe Flower Materials. 
Ryneal, George, Jr 163 

Boots and Shot 8. 

George, J.J 163 

Cigars and Tobacco. 

Cochran, George W. ft Co. 165 
Clothing JIou.se. 

Saks, A. & Co 1<»5 

Collection Office. 

Bennett, William II 167 

Commission Merchant*. 

Barbour ft Hamilton 161 

Confectiont ru. 

Mueller (Carl) ft Son 159 

Drugs and Chemicals. 

Stotl ft Cromwell 158 

Fire- Works, Toys, <!•<■. 

Mueller (Carl) ft Son 159 

Qroa 

Barbour & Hamilton 161 

Hume, Frank 169 

Manion, John I) 166 



Hotels. 

Clark House — Lawrence 

Clark, Proprietor 168 

American House — Duffy 
ft Leannarda, Prop'rs. . .168 

Household Furnishing Ooods. 

Gartrell, G. E. ft Co 164 

Liquors. 

Barbour ft Hamilton 151 

Humes, Frank 162 

Manion, John D 166 

Xander, Chr 166 

Oyster Dealer. 

Turner, William 1 66 

Paints, Oils and Varnishes. 

Ryneal, George, Jr, 168 

Restaurants. 

Hagerty, David 167 

Hagerty, Frank 167 

Wilkening, W. II 167 

Stoves— Heating and Cooking. 

Cartrell, G. E. ft Co 164 

Window Glass, &c. 

Ryneal, George, Jr 1 68 



Dill House". 



FREDERICK, MD. 

.Picking ft Dean, Proprietors. 



.168 



HISTORY 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY, Ml). 



CHAPTER I. 
The Aborigines ob Indians. 

Their customs and habits. Treatment of strangers. Treatment 

of enemies. Their rices. Marriages. hid inn lints or nig 
/cams. Dress. Religious ceremonies, etc. 

When the Europeans first came to this country, they found 
the Western Continent inhabited by numerous nations, to whom 
was applied tin 1 name, though erroneously, Indians. This name 
was given to the aborigines of this continent under the mistaken 
notion of Columbus, in supposing that he had arrived at the 
eastern shore of Lndia. 

Touching the origin of the Indians, or by what means they 
came from the Old World to the New, has never been satis- 
factorily answered, notwithstanding that voluminous disquisi- 
tions have been written on the subject. 

A majority who have investigated this subject agree, that 
Tarfarv. in Asia, is the native country of all American Indians. 
The region of country of which this history treats was inhabited 
by the Xoacomicos, Anacostians, Piscataways, Senecas and Pa 
tuxents, about the time of the first settlement in 1635. All of 
these tribes belonged or were under the control of the Six 
Nations, the central power of which was located in the State of 
New York. The Piscataways and the ETacostines or Anacos- 
tians. a tributary tribe of the Piscataways, resembled each 
2 



10 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

other as to their bodily and mental qualifications. In person, 
slender, middle-sized, handsome and straight. The women how- 
ever, were short, not so handsome, and clumsy in appearance. 
The skin of a reddish brown or yellowish brown, hair straight 
and jet black. 

In common life and conversation the Indians observed great 
decency. They usually treated one another and strangers with 
kindness and civility, and without empty compliments. In the 
converse of both sexes the greatest decency and propriety were 
observed. They were sociable and friendly, difference of rank 
with all its consequences was not to be found among the Indians. 
They were equally noble and free. The only difference consisted 
in wealth, age, dexterity, courage and office. They were hospi- 
table to strangers. To refuse the act or kind offices of hospi- 
tality, was looked upon as a flagrant violation of a laudable 
practice in vogue among the tawny sons of the forest. Hospi- 
tality, they considered a most sacred duty, from which none were 
exempt. "Whoever,* said they, "refuses relief to any one, 
commits a grievous offence, and not only makes himself detested 
and abhorred by all, but liable to revenge from the injured per- 
son." In their conduct towards their enemies they were "bloody 
cruel," and when exasperated, nothing but the blood of theif 
enemy could assuage or allay anger, which rankled concealed 
in their bosom, waiting only for a convenient opportunity to 
strike the fearful blow T , inflicted with fury that knew no bounds. 
So determined on revenge upon their enemies were they, that 
they would solemnly enjoin it upon their friends and posterity to 
resent the injuries done them. The longest space of time, the 
most remote place of refuge, afforded no security to an Indian's 
enemy. 

Drunkenness, after the whites commenced to deal with them, 
was a common vice. It was not confined, as it is in a great 
measure at this day, among the whites, to the male sex, but 
the Indian female as well as the male, was infatuated alike 
with the love of strong drink, for neither of them knew bounds 
to their desires. They drank while they had whiskey, or could 
swallow it down. Drunkenness was a vice, and attended with 
many serious consequences, and often resulted in murder and 
death — this was not punishable among them, it was a fashion- 
able vice. Stealing, lying, adultery and cheating, principally 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 11 

the offspring of drunkenness, were considered as heinous and 
scandalous offences, and were punished in various ways. 

The Auacostians and Piscataways married early in life; the 
men usually at eighteen, and the women at fourteen, but never 
married near relations. If an Indian man wished to marry, he 
sent a present to the nearest relations of the person he had fixed 
upon, consisting of blankets, cloth, linen, and occasionally a few 
belts of Wampum. If he that made the present, and the present 
pleased, the matter was formally proposed to the girl, and if 
the other party chose to decline the proposal, they returned the 
present by way of a friendly negative. After the marriage, the 
present made by the suitor was divided among the friends of 
the young wife. These returned the civility by a present of 
Indian corn, beans, kettles, baskets, hatchets, etc., brought in 
solemn procession into the hut of the newly married couple. 
The latter commonly lodged in a friend's bouse till they could 
erect a dwelling of their own. An Indian hut was constructed 
in the following manner: they peeled the trees abounding in 
sap, then cutting the bark into pieces of six or eight feet in 
length, they laid heavy stones upon them, that they might be- 
come flat and even in drying. The frame of the hut was made 
by driving poles into the ground and strengthening them by 
cross-beams. This frame was covered both inside and outside, 
with the pieces of bark that had been prepared for that purpose, 
and fastened tight with the bast of withes of hickory. The roof 
ran upon a ridge and was covered the same way. An opening 
was left in the roof to let the smoke pass through, and one in 
the side as a door, which was fastened with neither lock nor bolt ; 
a stack leaning against it on the outside as a token that no one 
was at home, was the only bolt to prevent intruders. 

There was some difference in the huts of the Piscataways and 
Auacostians: the roofs of the former being angular, and that of 
the latter round or arched; the Piscataway families preferring to 
live separately, their huts were small: the Auacostians pre- 
ferred to live together, — they built their houses long, with several 
fire-places, and corresponding openings in the roof and sides. 
In their dress they displayed more singularity than art. The 
men wore a blanket which hung loose over their shoulders, and 
generally went bareheaded. The dress which distinguished the 
women, was a petticoat fastened tight about the hips and hang- 



1- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

ing down a little below the knees. A longer one would have 
proved an incumbrance in walking through the woods or working 
in the fields. 

As soon as a child was born it was laid upon a board or 
straight piece of bark, covered with moss, and wrapped up in 
a skin or piece of cloth, and when the mother was engaged in 
her house- work, this rude cradle or bed was hung to a peg or 
branch of a tree. Their children they educated, to fit them to 
get through the world as did their fathers. They instructed 
them in a religion, in which they believed that Manito, their 
God, "The Good Spirit," could be propitiated by sacrifices, 
hence they observed a great many superstitious and idolatrous 
ceremonies. At their general and solemn sacrifices the oldest 
men performed the offices of priests ; but in private parties, each 
man brought a sacrifice and offered it himself as priest. Instead 
of a temple, they fitted up a large dwelling house for the 
purpose. 



CHAPTER II. 

The Indians — Continued. 

Their amusements. War Dances. Hunting and finking their 
chief employment. Dances. The Calumet. Diseases. The 
medicinemen or doctors. Death and burials. Lord's Prayer in 

their native language, etc. 

AVhen at home they had their amusements, their favorite one 
was dancing. The common dance was held either in a large 
house or in an open field around a fire. In dancing they formed 
a circle, and always had a leader, to whom the whole company 
attended. The men went before and the women closed the cir- 
cle. The Latter danced with great decency, and as if they had 
engaged in the most serious business. While thus engaged they 
never spoke a word to the men, much less joked with them, 
which would have injured their character. 

They neither skipped nor jumped, but placed one toot lightly 
forward and then backward, yet so as to advance gradually till 
they reached a certain spot, and then retired in the same man- 
ner. They kept their bodies straight and their arms hanging 
down close to their sides. But the men .shouted, leaped and 
Stamped with such violence, that the ground trembled under 
their feet. Their extreme agility and lightness of foot was 
never shown to more advantage than in dancing. Their whole 
music consisted in a single drum, which was made of an old bar- 
rel or kettle, or the lower end of a hollow tree, covered with a 
thin deer skin, and beaten with one stick. Its sound was not 
however agreeable, and served only to mark the time, which the 
Indians when dancing, even in large numbers, kept with due 
exactness. When they had finished one round they took some 
rest, but during this time the drummer continued to sing until 



14 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

another dance commenced. These dances in keeping with that 
spirit lasted until midnight. 

Another kind of dance was only attended by men. Each 
rose in his turn and danced with great agility and boldness, 
extolling their own or their father's great deeds in a song, to 
which all beat time by a monotonous, rough note, which was 
given out with great vehemence at the commencement of each 
bar. The war dance, which was always held either before or 
after a campaign was dreadful to behold. None took part in it 
but the warriors themselves. They appeared armed as if going 
to battle. One carried his gun or hatchet, another a long knife, 
the third, a tomahawk, the fourth, a large club, or they all 
appeared armed with tomahawks ; these they brandished in the 
air to show how they intended to treat their enemies. They 
affected such an air of anger and fury on these occasions that 
it made a spectator shudder to behold them. A chief led them 
in the dance, and sang the warlike deeds of himself or his 
ancestors. At the end of every celebrated feat of valor, he 
wielded his tomahawk with all his strength against a post fixed 
in the ground. He was then followed by the rest, each finished 
his round by a blow against the post. They then danced alto- 
gether, and this was the most frightful scene. They affected 
the most horrible and dreadful gestures, threatened to beat, cut 
and stab each other. They were however amazingly dexterous in 
avoiding the threatened danger. To complete the horror of the 
scene they howled as dreadfully as if in actual fight, so that 
they appeared as raving madmen. During the dance they some- 
times sounded a kind of fife made of reed, which had a shrill 
and disagreeable note. They sometimes used the war dance in 
times of peace, with a view to celebrate the deeds of their 
heroic chiefs in a solemn manner. The sacrificial dance was 
held at the solemnization of their sacrifices. 

Bunting and fishing constituted their chief employment, 
depending on this as they did for a supply of food principally 
taken in the chase, and next to war, was considered the most 
honorable. They were experienced hunters, their boys were 
trained to this business, whom they taught when quite young, to 
climb trees, both to catch birds and to exercise their sight, which 
by this method was rendered so quick that in hunting they saw 
objects at an amazing distance. In detecting and pursuing 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 15 

game they almost exceeded the best trained dog - in following its 
course. The principal weapons used by the Indian hunters 
were bows and arrows, some had rifles. Their hunting excur- 
sions sometimes continued for months. The Potomac River fur- 
nished an abundant supply of fish for those who were fond of 
piscatorial pursuits. Henry Fleet, who was the first navigator 
who ascended the Potomac River to the head of navigation, in 
1625, describes the country as abounding in game, such as deer, 
buffaloes, bears and turkeys, while the river abounded in all 
kinds of fish, — the Indians commonly catching thirty sturgeon in 
one night. If in their travels they had occasion to pass a dec}) 
river, they set about immediate^ and built a canoe, by taking a 
long piece of bark of proportionate breadth, to which they gave 
the proper form by fastening it to ribs of light wood, bent so as 
to suit the occasion. The Indians, like all human flesh, were 
heirs of disease. The most common was pleurisy, weakness 
and pains in the stomach and breast, consumption, diarrhoea, 
rheumatism, ague, inflammatory fevers, and occasionally the 
small-pox made dreadful ravages among them. Their general 
remedy for all their disorders, small or great, was a sweat. For 
this purpose they had in every village an oven, situated at some 
distance from the dwellings, built of stakes and boards, covered 
with sods, or, were dug in the side of a hill, and heated with 
some red hot stones. Into this the patient crept naked ami in 
a short time Mas thrown into a profuse perspiration. As soon 
as the patient felt too hot, he crept out and immediately plunged 
himself into a river or some cold water, where he continued 
about thirty seconds, and then went again into the oven. After 
having performed this operation three times successively, he 
smoked his pipe with composure, and in many eases a cure was 
completely effected. Indian doctors never applied medicines 
without accompanying them with mysterious ceremonies to 
make their effect appear supernatural. A missionary, who was 
present on an occasion when an Indian physician had been sent 
for to see a patient, says : " He had on a large bear skin, so that 
his arms were covered with the fore legs, his feet with the hind 
legs, and his head entirely concealed in the bear's head, with 
the addition of glass eyes. He came in this attire with a cala- 
bash in his hand, accompanied by a great crowd of people, into 
the patient's hut, singing and daucing, when he grasped a hand- 



16 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

full of hot ashes, and scattering them into the air with a horrid 
noise, approached the patient and began to play several leger- 
demain tricks with small bits of wood, by which he pretended 
to be able to restore him to health." The principal remedies % 
used by the Indians in curing diseases were, such as rattlesnake 
root, the skins of rattlesnakes dried and pulverized, thorny ash, 
toothache tree, tulip tree, dogwood, wild laurel, sassafras, elder, 
poison ash, winter green, liverwort, Virginia poke, jalap, sarsa- 
parilla, Scobians or devil's bit, blood wort, cuckoopint, and 
others. Immediately after the death of an Indian the corpse 
was dressed in a new suit, with the face and shirt painted red, 
and laid upon a mat ot skin, in the middle of the hut. The 
arms and effects of the deceased are then piled up near the 
body; in the evening, soon after sunset, and in the morning, 
before daybreak, the female relations and friends assemble 
around the corpse to mourn over it. Their lamentations are 
loud in proportion to the love and the esteem they bore the 
deceased, or to his rank, or the pains he suffered in dying, and 
they are daily repeated till his interment. The burying places 
are some distance from the dwellings. The graves were gene- 
rally dug by old women, as the young people abhorred this kind 
of work. Before they had hatchets and other tools, they used 
to line the inside of the grave with the bark of trees; but after- 
wards they usually placed three boards, not nailed together, 
over the grave in such a manner that the corpse lay between 
them, a fourth board was placed as a cover, and then the grave 
was tilled with earth. Now and then a proper coffin was pro- 
cured. The language of the two tribes had an agreeable sound 
both in conversation and public delivery, although there was 
great difference between the two. The pronunciation, say those 
who were skilled in the tongue, was quite easy. The following 
is the Lord's Prayer, in the language of the Piscataways. 

"Sougwaueha caurounkyauga leh Sutaro an Saul woney 
aoita, es a sawaneyou okettanhsela ebueawoung, na carounky- 
auga Wlgh woiisliauga, neallewehue salauga tangwouuant 
oranoatonghsick tontaugwelee wheyon stoung chencyent cha- 
qnatant aleywhey oast anna thughsang long wassareuch tawan 
tottenan galonghtounga, nysawne Sascheautang whss conteh- 
sale paungaekaw, esa sawauneyou, esa sashautzta, esa soung 
wasoung cheuneaw houugwa, auwen." 



HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 17 

Their language was lofty, yet narrow, somewhat like the 
Hebrew, in signification full; like short-hand in writing, one 
word served in the place of three, and the rest were supplied by 
the understanding of the hearer. Their language was also 
highly figurative. The following specimens may otter an idea 
of their metaphors: "The sky is overcast with dark, blustering 
clouds," meaning we shall have troublesome times; we shall 
have war. "We shall lift up the hatchet,"— we shall have war. 
"The path is already shut up,"— war has began. "The rivers 
run with blood,"— war rages in the country. "To bury the 
the hatchet," — to conclude peace. "You did not make me 
strong,"— you gave me nothing. "Look this way,"— join our 
party. "I will pass one night yet at this place,"— I will stay 
one year at this place. 



CHAPTER III. 

The Founder of Maryland. Granting of the Charter. Powers 
conferred by the Charter. Sailing of the Colonists. Arrival in 
the Chesapeake Bay. Landing on Blaclciston Island. Settle- 
ment at St. Mary's. Friendly relations secured with the 
Indians. F.rtending the settlements to St. George's and Mont- 
gomery. Peace and Prosperity-. Missionaries. A period of 
thirty years. 

S Sir (borge Calvert, afterwards Lord Baltimore, an English 
gentleman of finished education, was the founder of Maryland. 
Being one of the principal Secretaries of State and a mem- 
ber of the House of Commons, he always maintained the rights 
and interests of the King, who, in consideration for this devo- 
tion, granted him a charter dated the 20th of June, 1032. The 
country granted by this charter was named Maryland, in honor 
of Queen Henrietta Maria. 

I before the execution of this patent Lord Baltimore died, and his 
eldest son, Cecil, having inherited his father's title and estate, 
succeeded to the charter, he and his heirs, becoming absolute 
proprietors of Maryland. The Proprietary had full, free and 
absolute power to enact laws, with the advice, assent and 
approbation of the freemen of the province. The Proprietary 
had full power to grant to his colonists such tracts of land as 
they mighl purchase. Be was also granted the license and 
faculty of erecting and founding churches, chapels and places 
of worship in convenient and suitable places, and of causing 
the land to be dedicated according to the laws of the Kingdom 
of England. The territories described by the charter extended 
from Watkins' Point, opposite the mouth of the Potomac River, 
v northward to the fortieth degree of north latitude, and from the 
Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay on the east, to the Potomac 
River on the west. It will be seen that this included a part of 
what is now Pennsylvania and Delaware. 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. ' 19 

As soon as the grant was obtained, Cecil Calvert completed 
his arrangements for the esta blishment of a colony. Deeming 

that the interests of the enterprise demanded his remaining in 
England, he confided the colony to his brother, Leonard Cal- ^ 
vert, whom he constituted Lieutenant General or Governor. 
The colony consisting- of about two hundred persons embarked 
in two vessels, the Ark and the Dove, from the Isle of Wight 
on the 22nd of November, 1633. After many difficulties and 
some dangers, these two vessels, though separated by storms 
on the ocean, arrived safely off Point Comfort in Virginia, on 
the 24th of February, 1634. They landed on the 25th of March 
on an island, to which they gave the name of St. Clement's, now 
Blackiston's . 

The colonists took solemn possession of Maryland with reli- 
gious services conducted according to the usages of the Roman 
Catholic Church, and erected a cross as an emblem of Christi- 
anity and Civilization, which they were about to plant on these 
shores. 

In order to make further discoveries, Governor Leonard 
Calvert proceeded up the Potomac, near to the place now called 
New Marlboro', where there was an Indian village governed by 
Archihu, uncle to the King, or Werowance, who was at that 
time an infant. When the Governor asked the Indian Chief if 
he were willing that his people should settle in this country, he 
replied, "I will not bid you go, neither will I bid you stay, but 
you may use your own discretion." Using this discretion, the 
Governor concluded it was not safe to settle so high .up^tlre 
river. Be explored the St. George, a small river on t]^' north 
side of the Potomac, and about twelve miles from the mouth, 
anchored at the village oi' the Yoacomico Indians. The Gover- 
nor explained to the Chief, or Werowance, his object in coming 
to his country. The Werowance, after the custom of the 
Indians, made but little answer to the proposition of Governor 
Calvert; but, nevertheless, hospitably entertained him and his 
companions, giving up his own rude bed for the accommoda- 
tion of the Governor. 

Having carefully examined the surrounding country, and 
finding it possessed of many advantages which rendered it an 
eligible site, Calvert determined to commence at this place, his 
first settlement. The ship and pinnace which he had left at St. 



20 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

Clement's were ordered to join him at Yoacomico. To pre- 
pare the way for a peaceable admission into the country, In- 
presented the Werowauce and principal men with clothes, axes, 
hoes and knives ; in return for which they granted him about 
thirty miles of territory, which he called Augusta Carolina, 
. afterwards the County of St. Mary's. The character of these 
presents to the Werowance indicates the desire of the colonists 
to introduce among the savages the first rudiments, as it were, 
of civilization — the implements of agriculture. 

The Indians agreed to give up one-half of their village for 
the immediate accommodation of the settlers, including one-half 
of their corn grounds, which they had already commenced to 
plant. Upon the 27th day of March, 1034, the Governor took 
possession of the place and named the town St. Mary's. 

The Indians lived in the greatest harmony with the settlers, 
they hunted together for deer and turkeys, while the women 
and children became domesticated in the families of the Eng- 
lish. The principles of Christianity and philanthropy always 
governed the colonists in their treatment of the savages. 
Earnest and persistent efforts were made to teach them reli- 
gious truth and the arts of civilized life, while their territorial 
and personal rights were scrup ulously respe cted. The rights 
of the aborigines were purchased for a consideration which 
gave them satisfaction. While no rewards were offered for 
Indian scalps, they gave them words and acts of love and 
mercy. 

The relations that existed between the natives and the 
settlers continued to be friendly until William Clayborne, 
called by historians the Evil Genius of the colony, excited the 
fears and jealousies of the Indians, by persuading them that 
the new comers were not English, but Spaniards, the enemies 
of the English. The simple natives believed him and suddenly 
withdrew from St. Mary's. 

The settlers fearing a hostile attack, postponed the building 
of their own houses, and erected a block-house' or fortification, 
regulating their conduct in the meantime towards the savages. 
so as to re-awaken the old feelings of confidence and intimacy. 
The natives became convinced of the falsehood of the insinua- 
tions against the settlers, and again resorted to the colony. 
The land was divided among the settlers under the instructions 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 21 

of the Proprietary.] Owing to the dangers both from the savages 
and their own countrymen from Kent Island and Virginia, the 
colonists were nor disposed to extend their settlements beyond 
the limits of St. Mary's. Lots of five and ten acres, within the 
city, were granted to all who might apply for them, while tracts 
ranging from one hundred to three thousand acres were granted 
to those persons applying. A rent of twenty shillings for every 
thousand acres was reserved for the Proprietary. 

The settlements continued to grow and prosper ; already the 
plantations had extended to the west side of St. George's River, 
and large accessions were being added from the northern 
country. New hundred s — or divisions similar to our election 
districts — were erected. 

The two missionaries who accompanied the colony confined 
their efforts to converting the Indians who were friendly with 
the settlers. As the colony increased new missionaries arrived 
from England, and immediately began to penetrate into the 
interior and visit every tribe and village. The Indians at 
Patnxent received them very kindly and bestowed upon them a 
plantation called St. Mattopany on the Patnxent, where a mis- 
sionary station and store house were immediately erected. 
Three men travelled in a boat, subsisted by hunting, and at 
night slept under cover of a slight tent. In five years they had 
extended them throughout the greater part of the province. 
They visited many tribes and made many converts. They had 
four permanent stations, the most distant of which was one 
hundred and fifty miles, located on the Mo nocacy River, near 
where the City of Frederick now stands. Another was on the 
Patnxent River, near where T riadelphia is located. 

The conversion and baptism of Tayac, the chief of the Piseata- 
ways, the most extensive and powerful tribe in Maryland, was 
the cause of considerable rejoicing among the colonists. The 
chief was taken violently sick, and the forty medicine men that 
surrounded him failed with all their arts of conjuring to cure 
him, one of the missionaries obtained permission to treat him 
and soon restored him to health. 

Tayac after this abandoned the habits and dress of the savage 
and adopted that of the English, and learned their language. 
What is Prince George's County v now was rapidly settled, 
emigrants moving up the Potomac and Patuxent Rivers. 



22 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

t\ Frederick County embraced all that section of country lying 
west of a line drawn from the mouth of Kock Creek to the 
Patuxent River, which had formerly been embraced within the 
limits of P rince Geor ge's. Thus it will be seen that what now 
constitutes Montgomery County belonged to Frederick County 
in the early settlement of the colonies. The earliest settlement 
' within the limits of Montgomery commenced in the year 1650, 
by Robert Brooke, who founded a Protestant settlement of 
forty persons, including his wife and ten children, at Delia 
Brooke on the Patuxent River^JDuring the next thirty years 
peace and prosperity reigned throughout the province. Persons 
of wealth and distinction sought the new world for enlarged 
and unoccupied fields in which to employ their wealth and 
talents, while those who were proscribed for their political or 
religious opinions, were eager to abandon the shores of their 
native land and seek homes in this, the Eldorado of the West. 
When it is remembered that steamships were then unknown, 
with no submarine cable to flash along its electric wire the 
intelligence of weal or woe to friends at home, and an equally 
wild and trackless wilderness before them, the abode of wild 
beasts and savage men, is it not indeed wonderful to contem- 
plate the progress of settlement in the American colonics.' 
Still, amid all these dangers and difficulties, they subdued the 
wilderness, founded communities, erected town and cities, and 
in a little more than two hundred years, have founded an 
Empire that wields a sceptre equal to the combined powers of 
the East. 



CHAPTER IV. 

Climate and Productions. Tobacco and Corn, staple productions. 
Oysters, Game and Fish. Indentured Whites. Slaves intro- 
duced from Virginia. Tobacco the medium of barter and ex- 
change. Tobacco shipments. Silver coins. Fruit and Cider. 
Mails. Quakers or Friends. Indians. Toleration. 

The climate and beneficent laws that governed the colony of 
Maryland continued to attract immigration, and the number of 
counties continued to increase. They speedily made clearings 
in the forest, and reduced the land to cultivation. Tobacco and 
corn were the principal articles cultivated. Great attention was 
paid to fruit;— while the waters of the bay and rivers furnished 
the greatest of delicacies, oysters, wild ducks and fish. The 
people were planters and farmers, and there were no influences 
to draw the people together, like in towus and cities, but left 
the people free to lay the foundation of that peculiar domestic 
life which has always been the characteristic and charm of Mary- 
land. Slavery was introduced from Virginia, and superseded 
the white servants that were so frequently to be found in the 
early days of the colony. These were white emigrants, who, 
wanting the means to emigrate, apprenticed their time, for a 
certain period, to those who would bear that expense. This 
was made a matter of barter. Usually the captain of a ship 
would bring out a party of emigrants, taking an indenture from 
the emigrant, instead of passage money, for which he agreed to 
serve for a given time. On the arrival of the ships with such 
emigrants, their unexpired time was sold to the highest bidder; 
the price was paid in tobacco, which was at that time the cur- 
rency of the province. The cultivation of tobacco claimed the 
attention of almost every one; it was the great bonanza of the 
times, and hundreds of ships were employed in its transportation 
abroad. There was no money in general use at this time, and 
trade was conducted through the medium of barter, or the 



24 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

exchange of one commodity for another. In 1650, silver coins 
were issued by the Proprietary, of various denominations, hav- 
ing Lord Baltimore's arms on one side, while on the other was 
the motto, Crescite et Multiplicamini. Very little of this coin 
came into general circulation; tobacco bad become the common 
currency of the province — one pound of it being equal to three 
pence English money. It was made a legal tender, at one 
penny a pound, in 173-!. 

The luxuries of the present day were unknown; they sat 
upon stones and benches; the back of the bench was so con- 
structed that it could be turned up, and form the top for a table, 
around which sat the hardy pioneers, after the toils and excite- 
ments of the day, consequent upon the life of a frontiersman, 
drank their cider and sack, in lieu of coffee and tea, which were 
seldom used. Apples and peaches were raised in great abund- 
ance ; two or three varieties of white apples were cultivated for 
summer use, while long stem, red, red streak, and black red 
streak were the principal varieties in use for autumn and winter. 
Communication was had, in the absence of post roads and 
mail facilities, by sending letters through private hands, and it 
is astonishing with what rapidity a letter or communication 
would travel through these sparsely settled communities. Each 
and every one of the settlers were alike interested in the prompt 
and safe delivery of the letters intrusted to their care to for- 
ward, and woidd often leave their work and mount the fastest 
horse on the plantation, and speed to the next settlement, where 
it would again be taken in charge, and in a like manner for- 
warded to the next settlement or plantation, and so on until it 
reached the person for whom it was directed; in this way letters 
travelled fifty and sixty miles in the course of twenty-four 
hours, rivalling, in point of time, the delivery by some of the 
local mails at the present time. 

Travelling was done on horseback by land, while canoes or 
small boats were brought into requisition when it was desirable 
or expedient to travel by water. 

The Quakers, or Friends as they are called, found in this 
province a refuge and home from their persecutors. In the 
province of Massachusetts, laws had been passed that pro 
scribed them as a u Cursed Sect." They were imprisoned "with- 
out bail," and sentenced to banishment upon "pain of death." 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 25 

They were to be maimed, whipped, and "men or women to have 
their tongues bored through with a red hot iron." These perse- 
cutions led George Fox, a zealous leader, to come to Maryland; 
being delighted with the country and realizing the fact, that the 
laws and liberal policy of the province placed no restrictions 
upon religious liberty, he remained in the colony and preached 
the doctrines of his sect, both to the settlers and the natives, 
Indian chiefs and their subjects. The members of the Legisla- 
ture and the Council, men of distinction, justices of the peace, 
and even the heir of the Proprietary himself came to listen to 
him preach. Maryland was indeed, to the Friends, the Land of 
Promise. Whatever difficulties they may have had with the 
government came from refusal to perform military duty, and 
their rejection of oaths; but they were subsequently relieved 
even of these requirements. They established settlements or 
meetings through St. George's and Montgomery Counties, and 
accomplished a great deal towards promoting the material 
development and intellectual advancement of the country. The 
first house built by the Friends in Montgomery County, was by | 
James Brooke, on "Brooke Grove," granted in 1728/ Here 
Friends gathered in sufficient numbers to establish a flourishing 
meeting, and, a little more than a century ago, they took a 
step that distinguished them from surrounding communities, by 
the emancipation of their slaves. The house is occupied at 
present by William J. Schofield. By their patient industry and 
perseverance, combined with their intellectual culture, social 
intercourse, agricultural knowledge, their fidelity to the princi- 
ples of moral truth and human advancement, the Quakers have 
left an impress upon the character of the whole people, which 
has given an emulating stimulus to their aims and energies, 
which will be in powerful and unabated operation, when the 
marble and bronze, that now commemorates less meritorious 
achievements, shall have disappeared under the corroding influ- 
ences of the march of time. 

During this time the aborigines and the colonists were living 
side by side upon terms of the greatest friendship. 

The CbesapeakeV had disappeared entirely from Maryland, 

and the remnant of the tribe had removed to the banks of the 

Elizabeth River, in Virginia, under the protcetion and dominion 

of the Powhatans. The Yoacomicos still lived upon the St. 

3 



26 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

Mary's Kiver, and had become mostly domesticated with the 
settlers. The Susquehannocks, at the head of the Chesapeake 
r.;iy, who were at some distance from the colonists, and less 
under the influence of the whites than the T oacomic os, with 
whom they were at enmity, and constantly at war. gave the 
settlers some trouble; but as the pioneers were constantly push- 
ing their discoveries and explorations northward and westward, 
and as the stream of emigration continued to pour into the 
colony from all parts of Europe, but more especially the English, 
Scotch and Welsh, the Indians were compelled to withdraw 
from the homes of their fathers, and seek new hunting grounds 
towards the setting sun. 

The Piscataways and Anaeostians, under the fostering care of 
the settlers, and the wise and beneficent teachings of the mission- 
aries, were fast becoming civilized and adopting the habits of 
the whites. Their ideas of civilization seemed to centre in the 
possession of a hat. When once the Indian consented to wear a 
hat, it was prima facie evidence that the Indian heart had been 
changed, and his savage instincts converted from the war-path 
and the chase, to those of a more modern and civilized charac- 
ter. Among the numerous cases of the Indians 1 friendship 
towards the first settlers, the following incident will illustrate 
the friendly feelings existing among the Piscataways for the 
whites. Madam Perrie,' her three sons and son-in law left 
Europe in 1695, and commenced a settlement on the Patuxent 
River, near where Magruder's Ferry is now located. As they 
were journeying along on the evening of a summer's day, they 
reached the verge of a hill commanding a view of the valley of 
the Potomac. It was a beautiful woodland scene; a vast forest 
stretching along as far as the eye could reach, inhabited by wild 
beasts and birds of prey. No indication of civilized man was 
anywhere near; scattered along the banks of tin 1 river, amidst 
the dark green hazel, could be discovered the Indian wigwams, 
the smoke issuing therefrom in its spiral form. No sound was 
heard but the songs of the birds; in silence they contemplated 
the beautiful prospect which nature presented to their view. 
Suddenly a number of Indians darted from the woods — the 
females shrieked — when an Indian advanced, mid, in broken 

English, said to Madame IVrrie, "Indian no harm white — white 
good to Indian — go to Mattawoma — our chief — come to Matta- 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 27 

woma."' Pew were the words of the Indian. They went with 
him to Mattawoma's cabin; and Blattawoma, wirli the humanity 
that distinguished the Indians of that tribe, gave up to the 
immigrants his wigwam. The next day he conveyed them to 
the Indian village of Piscataway, which was fifteen miles below, 
Where now stands Washington, and at the month of Piscata- 
way Creek, where resided their Chief, Tayac, to whom he intro- 
duced the madame and her retinue. The chief entertained 
them in regal style and splendor, and gave them permission to 
settle in any portion of his dominions. 1 taring the entire subse- 
quent history of the province, no aggressive war was ever waged 
by her people against the Indians. They dwelt together in 
peace and amity, until the latter either emigrated to the West, 
or lost their identity as a people by absorption. Some unim- 
portant conflicts took place with the Indians during the pro- 
gress of the settlements. These were principally to repel the 
inroads of hostile tribes from beyond her borders, but none 
could be dignified as wars. 

Such consideration had our forefathers for the rights of these 
people, that when the Senecas, a tribe of the Six Nations, who 
came from the State of New York, invaded their ten itory, under 
a claim of doubtful right to a portion of its soil, instead of 
repulsing the hostile incursion and driving them back to their 
homes, they appointed commissioners to settle the dispute, and 
purchased their alleged claim for three hundred pounds sterling. 
The colony having respected the rights of the original owners 
of the soil, exercised the same justice and forbearance towards 
their European brethren, who came and settled among them. 

Although religions toleration had been declared by the Pro- 
prietary as one of the fundamental principles of the social union 
over which he presided; yet. in order to give the principle the 

sanction of authority, the Assembly proceeded to incorporate it 

in the laws of the province. It was enacted, thai no person, 
professing to believe in Jesus Christ, should be molested in 
respect to his religion, or the free exercise thereof: and that any 

one who should reproach his neighbor with opprobrious names, 

of religions distinction, should pay a tine To the person insulted. 

Thus it will be seen that Maryland was the fust province in 

which religions toleration was established by law. While .it 
this very period the Puritans were persecuting their Protestant 



28 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

brethren in New England, and the Episcopalians were retorting 
with the same severity on the Puritans in Virginia, there was 
forming, in Maryland, a sanctuary where all might worship, 
and none might oppress; and where even Protestants sought 
refuge from Protestant intoleranee. 

Annapolis, which had been erected into a port of entry in 
1683, was made the seat of government in 1691. For a period 
of forty years the colony enjoyed almost undisturbed tranquillity. 
The only troubles were contests between the Governor and 
Council, who formed the upper house, and the delegates of the 
people in the lower house. These struggles were the germ of 
that mighty contest in which the liberties of the people were 
finally secured. 



CHAPTER V. 

Land Grants. 

Joseph's Park: CirVs Portion. Leelce Forest. Hermitage. 8t. 
Winexburg. Carroll's Forest. Ban. BrightwelUs Hunting 
Quarter. Glean Drinking. Bear Week. Maiden's Fancy. 
Bear Bacon. Friendshi p. Charles and Thomas. Friendship. 
Clagetfs Purchase. Huntington. Contention. Bradford's 
Rest. Addition to Bradford's Rest. Bradford's Rest. thing 
Hill. Thompson's Hop Yard. Cool Spring Level. Allison 's 
Pari: Archibald's Lot. Younger Brother. BispufF. Tiro 
Brothers. The Exchange. The New Exchange, Addition to 
Dan. -Joseph and dames. 

The general progress of settlement in what is now Mont- 
gomery Oouniy, was to the north and westward, a course which 
has uniformly been pursued in every State and community since 

the earliest history. Among the first of recorded patents is 

that of 

Joseph's Park, and was granted to William Joseph, May 
20th, L689, containing four tho usand two hundred and twenty 
acres. This tract lies on the east side of Rock Creek and em- 
braces Know les* Stati on, Forest Glen Station and Linden Sta- 
tion, including the farms of Alfred Ray, William A. Batchelor, 
and C arroll's or Si. John's Chapel. The Brookville ami Wash- 
ington Turnpike passes through it, from Augustus Burgdorfs 
farm nearly to ('.race Church. 

Girl's Portion. This was surveyed for Colonel Henry 
^ -Dnlanev.in L688. Extends from Rock Creek, eastward, to <>. 

ty n 1'. Clark's farm, three and three-eighths miles. The Ashton 

and Sli-o Turnpike passes through the tract. The Silver Spring 
Farm, the estate of the late F. P. Blair, and the residence of 
the Hon. Montgomery Blair,' includes a portion of the tract; 

also, the Silver Spring Station and Sli^o. The Brookville and 
Washington Turnpike crosses it. 



30 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



* 

/ 



I^eeke Forest. This additional tract of seven hundred and 

ten acres, was also surveyed for Colonel Henry iTHnlanoyj in 

1688. It lies west of "Joseph's Park," on the west side of Rock 
Creek, and extends west one and seven-eighths miles. The 
Rockville and Georgetown Turnpike passes through it. The 
farms of the late Samuel Perry and William Hudlestou, on the 
old Georgetown road, and Bethesda Church are included within 
its limits. 

Hermitage. Granted to William Joseph, May 2nd, 1689, 
for three thousand eight hundred and sixty-six acres. This 
grant lies on the east side of Pock Creek and adjoins "Joseph's 
Park" on the north, and extending from Tier's Mill to the inter- 
section of the Rockville and Washington Turnpike with the 
Union Turnpike Company's road. The Brook ville and Wash- 
ington Turnpike passes through it from the V itery Branch to 
one-fourth of a mile south of Mitchell's Gross Roads. The City 
road, from Rockville to Washington passes through it, from 
Graves' farm to Aug. Purgdovf's farm, at the intersection of the 
Brookville and Washington Turnpike. The Norwood Turnpike 
traverses the tract from Kemp's store to Lyddane's farm, or its 
intersection with the Brookville and Washington Turnpike. It 
embraces many line farms -Mid elegant residences. Lying to 
the east of "Hermitage" is 

St. Winexlmrg, surveyed for John Woodcock, May 3rd, 
1689, for five hundred acres, extending from the North-west 
branch at Kemp's Mill, westward one and one-half miles west of 
the Brookville and Washington Turnpike. The road from 
Kemp's Mill to Lyddane's farm and the Norwood Turnpike 
passes through it. This grant includes the estate of the late 
William Pierce. Immediately north of "St. Winexburg" is 

located 

Carroll's Forest, granted to Charles Carroll, May 3rd, 1689, 

consisting of live hundred acres. This tract was conveyed May 
3rd, 17'.) I. by Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, to .John Connelly. 
On the west side of Pock ('seek, north of "Leeke 1'orest." and 
wrest of •• Hermitage," is a tract called 

PaPy , granted Thomas Brooke, September 6th, L694, for three 
thoiSfnd six hundred and ninety-sewn acres, extending from 
Rock Creek, one and a half miles west, and up the creek north, 

two and seven-eighths of a mile. The Georgetown Turnpike 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 31 

passes over it from Mr. Codwise's farm to that of the late 
Samuel Perry. The year following, attracted no doubt by the 
fertility of the bottom lauds lying on the banks of the Potomac, 
Richard Brightwell, with a more adventurous spirit than any 
of the previous- settlers, and actuated by a noble impulse, 
■ Minded the Potomac River above the mouth of the Great 
Seneca, and sought to establish a settlement far from his neigh- 
bors, where he and his friends could enjoy the pleasure and 
excitements of fishing and hunting. Here could be found in 
abundance, buffaloes, bears, wolves and deer; the Sugar Loaf 
Mountain and the chain of hills that extend to the Monocacy 
River, affording them ample shelter and protection from the 
skill and pursuit of the wily hunter. He located his grant 
between Edward's Ferry and the mouth of the Great Seneca, 
and named it 

BrightwcU's Hunting Quarter, patented August 29th, 
1695, and contained one thousand and eighty-six acres. It ex- 
tended for about four miles along the Potomac Eiver, and is 
now traversed its entire length by the Chesapeake and Ohio 
(.'anal. The beginning of this tract was destroyed in the con- 
struction of the canal, but a suitable stone was planted in its 
stead at the bottom of the canal, which is known onl\ to a few 
persons. Leaving Mr. Brightwell with his dogs and guns, to 
enjoy himself to the best of his ability, for the next twenty- 
five years the course of settlements on Rock Creek, continued 
west of the Creek. Located west of ''Joseph's Park," and 
south of "Leeke Forest," is situated 

Clean Drinking, patented to John Coats, October 1st, 
1699, for seven hundred acres. This tract extends down Rock 
Creek to Jones' Bridge. Walter 0. Jones established a mill on 
this survey, and leaves his epitaph upon an old stone that still 
remains a living monument of his folly. The inscription, though 
Somewhal defaced by time, is still legible, it reads: 

-" Here lies the body and bones 
Of old Walter C. Jones; 
By his not thinking, 
Ho lost ' Clean Drinking,' 
And by his shallow pate, 
He lost his vast estate.'' 



32 HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

Following the settlements on Rock Creek, conies those upon 
the Patuxent River. 

Bear Neck, granted Benjamin Williams, March 26th, 1700, 
for one hundred and fifty acres. Adjacent to this, and lying to 
the south, is 

Msi idoii's Fancy, to Neal Clark, surveyed September 11th, 
1700, for five hundred and eighty acres. This tract is situated 
in the south-east coiner of the County, and the intersection of 
the Patuxent. Two miles above on the river, is 

Bear Bacon, .surveyed for Mark Richardson, June 24th, 
1703, containing six hundred acres. The Ashton and Laurel 
road passes through this tract from the cemetery to Liberty 
Grove school-house. The next settlements made in the County 
were located in the south-western part, between Rock Creek and 
the Potomac River. 

Friendship, patented to Thomas Addison and James Stod- 
dart, December 1st, 1711, for three thousand one hundred and 
twenty-four acres. Tliis land extends from near the Potomac 
and below Edmund Brooke's farm, a south-easterly and easterly 
direction across the Georgetown Turnpike, north of Tenally- 
town. and up the pike, north-westerly, near to Bethesda post 
office, and contains many rich and valuable farms; Allison 
Sailor's lands, and the farms of Richard Williams, Henry 
v Loughborough, and others. The river road passes through 
from Rider's farm to near Tenallytown. Adjoining, and on the 
east, lies y 

Charles and Thomas, surveyed for Charles Beale and 
Thomas Fletchall, April 8th, 1715, containing four hundred 
and nineteen acres. The road from Tenallytown to Jones' 
Bridge, runs through the land. On the north, and west of 
"Friendship," lies another tract, called 

Friendship, for Thomas Beale <md Gharlm Fletchall, May 
2nd, 171."), for one thousand three hundred and sixty-eighl acres. 
This tract extends from the farms of L. A. Lodge, in a aorth- 
easl course as far as 0. W. Lansdale's farm. 

Clagett's Purchase, surveyed for Thomas Fletchall. April 
10th, 1715, containing seven hundred and seventy-two acres, 

and situated west of "Clean Drinking,'' and south of "Leeke 
Forest." The Georgetown Turnpike crosses the tract from the 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 33 

branch below Bethesda Church, to nearly its intersection with 
the old Georgetown road. Immediately west of this, is 

Huntington, surveyed for Thomas Fletchall, December 
10th, 1715, comprising three hundred and seven acres. It is 
divided by the old Georgetown road. West of "Beekc Forest," 
and west of "Huntington," comes 

Contention, granted to William Fitz Redman, February 
5th, 1715, containing six hundred and twenty acres, embracing 
the farms of Mr. Yeabower, and others. North of "Hermitage'' 
and east of Eock Creek, is found 

Bradford's Rest, granted to Major John Bradford, June 
3rd, 1713, comprising two thousand six hundred and fifty eight 
acres. Adjacent, and on the west, lies the 

Addition to Bradford's Rest, granted to Major John 
Bradford, September 20th, 1715, for five hundred and eighty- 
four acres. And again, the same lands re-surveyed, with lands 
added, and called 

Bradford's Rest, for Major John Bradford, June 10th, 
1718, containing four thousand eight hundred and ninety-two 
acres. This tract extends up KockjCreek, north, as far as Wil- 
liam E. Mnncaater's farm , and east, as far as the late Roger 
Brooke's farm. The road from Bockville to Baltimore inns 
through the grant, from William S. Brooke's farm to Granville 
Stabler's farm, three and one-half miles; and the Brookville 
and Washington Turnpike runs through it from QearfHiggins' 
Tavern, nearly to Ranies' stord The lands embrace many ele- 
gant farms, including those of Phdij> JUilev, Charles Abert, 
the late Roger Brooke, A. K. WadSworth, William 8. Brooke, 
Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. A. H. Heir, and others. 

The streams and water courses seem to have attracted the 
attention of the early settlers, as is proven by the location of the 
grants. First comes Rock Creek, and then North-Wesl branch 
which was the next point selected by the emigrants, followed 

by the settlements along the Patuxent; after this come Watts' 
Branch and Bawling's Biver. The first on Watts' Branch, was 
Bung Hill, surveyed for Walter Evans, August LOth, 1715, 
containing five hundred and thirty-six acres. It was situated on 
the Potomac, at the month of Watts' Branch. The Chesapeake 
and Ohio Canal runs through it, as does also the river road, from 



34 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

near Watts' Branch to Cornell's farm. Immediately below this 
grant, lying along the Potomac, comes 

Thompsons Hop Yard, patented by John Thompson," 
December 8th, 1715, and which embraced oue hundred acres. 
This is but a short distance above the Great Falls. 

Cool Spring L.evel, to Archibald Edmonston, April 28th, 

1717, containing five hundred and ninety-two acres. This tract 
is situated on the road from Offutt's Cross Roads to the Great 
Falls. On the north of this road, 

Allison's Park, surveyed for John Allison, June 10th, 
1715, einbraeing^six hundred and twenty acres, and lying south 
of Watts' Branch. Adjacent to this, 

Archibald's Lot, granted to James Moore, March 17th, 

1718. This tract lies ou the road from Eockville to the Great 
Falls, and contained one hundred acres, and is embraced in the 
farm of Jacob Miller. 

Younger Brother. This tract lies west of Watts' Branch, 
and was surveyed for William Offutt, August 21st, 1717, and 
contained six hundred acres, and comprises the farms of Wil- 
liam Viers and Joseph T. Bailey. Following this, comes 

Dispute, lying on the head-waters of Watts' Branch, sur- 
veyed for Charles and William Beall, January 10th, 1710, con- 
taining six hundred and seventy acres. An older tract then lies 
to the east of this, and is called the 

Two Brothers, comprising twelve hundred acres, through 
which passes Watts' Branch and the road from Eockville to 
Darnestown. The next that claims attention on Watts' Branch, is 

The Exchange, for Arthur Nelson, granted March 10th, 
1718, for four hundred and eighteen acres; and again, to the same 
person, January 28th, 1710, 

The Jtfew Exchange, for one hundred and fifty acres. 
These two were re-surveyed, December 20th, 1721, and were 
called "Exchange and New Exchange Enlarged," for Arthur 
Nelson, and contained sixteen hundred and twenty acres. By 
this extension the tract extended down Watts' Branch a long 
distance, and embraced the site upon which Bockville was origi- 
nally built. The road from Bockville to the Great Falls passes 
for more than two miles through the tract. The County Poor 
lb. use farm, Judge Bouic's, (O'Neal's,) John E. Wilson's, and 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 35 

other farms are included in this tract. North of " Dan," men- 
tioned previous, is the 

Addition io Dau, surveyed for Philip Lee, December 10th, 

1717, containing (ive hundred and seventy-six acres; traversed 
by the Georgetown Turnpike. Then came Joseph West and 
James Holmard, who joined in a co-partnership, and had a tract 
surveyed, containing five hundred and thirty-five acres, and 
when they came to give it a name 1 , were at considerable trouble 
to select one that would give satisfaction to both partners, each 
wanted his name selected for the tract, so as to appear on the 
records at Annapolis. Much was said on the subject by both 
parties; finally a compromise was effected by mutual friends, 
who taking their two Christian names, joined them with the 
copulative conjunction "and," which gave them 

Joseph and James, and was .so patented October 15th, 

1718. It is situated on the road from Rockville to Gaithersburg, 
and embraces the farms of Samuel Clements and others. 



CHAPTER VI. 

Land Grants — Continued. 

Easy Purchase. Friendship Enlarged. Drumaldry. Lay Hill. 
Snowden's Manor. Snowden's Manor Enlarged. Charles and 
Benjamin. George the Third. BealPs Manor. Beall Christie. 
Bear Garden Enlarged. Deer ParTc. Snowden Mill. Charley 
Forest. Addition to Charley Forest. Hygham. Gold's Branch. 
Gittinjfs Hah! Hah!! Bordlerfs Choice. Brooke Grove. 
Addition to Brooke Grove. John and Sarah. Benjamin's Lot. 
New Year's Gift. Antra. Easy Come By. Mill Land. Boyd's 
Delay. Magrudvr's Hazard. Paradise. Bernard's Desire. 
Wiekham and PotUnger's Discovery. Partnership. The Bro- 
ther? Industry. Deer Park. Fellowship. Constant Friend- 
sh ip. 

In following the succession of settlements, it is necessary to 
return to the North-west Branch, where Archibald Edmonston 
found an 

Easy Purchase, granted April 23rd, 1716, consisting of 

nine hundred acres, extending from the North-west Branch to 
the West Point Branch. The Ashton and Sligo Turnpike runs 
through the entire length of it, from John T. Baker's farm 
below and near Colesville, to the late Johns Hopkins farm at 
the intersection of tin' Columbia road. Crossing to the east 
side of the North-west Branch, is located 

Friendship Enlarged, for Alexander Beall, May 14th, 
L710, containing nine hundred and twenty acres, and extending 
from near the County line up to the north of Bond's Mill, on 
the Ashton and Sligo Turnpike. A short distance north of 
"Carroll's Forest," heretofore described, lies a tract called 

l>rnmaldr.v, surveyed for James Beall, September Kith. 
171."). for two hundred and twenty-five acres. It lies on the 
North-west Branch and embraces the farm of James Bonifant. 
On the North-west Branch, and still north of this, dames Beall 
was granted 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 37 

!Lay Hill, August 17th, 1716, containing one thousand two 
hundred and ninety-eight acres. The North-west Branch runs 

through the tract, while the Norwood Turnpike passes the 
entire length. The farms of Abraham Van Horn, A. J. Cashell 
and others are situated on it. On the ridge dividing the head 
waters of the Patuxent River and North-west Branch, lies a 
tract embracing many farins called 

Snowden's Manor, surveyed for Richard Snowdeu, De- 
cember 10th, 1715, containing one thousand acres. The Ashton 
and Sligo Turnpike runs through the estate, also the road from 
Ashton to Laurel. The tract embraces the lands of William 
John Thomas, the farins of William Lee, Warwick Miller, Asa 
Stabler, and the farm and bone mill of William Bond. A re-sur- 
vey was made twenty-eight years alter and was called 

Snowden's Manor Enlarged, for Richard Snowden, 
dated March 5th, 1743, and embraced nine thousand two hun- 
dred and sixty-five acres. This Manor contains some of the 
finest farms in the County. The Laurel road passes through it 
from Ashton, through Spencerville to the cemetery near Liberty 
Grove Church. The turnpike from Ashton to Winpenny's farm 
near Colesville runs upon it, while the Norwood Turnpike 
passes through it from Joseph Moore's farm to Van Horn's 
farm. The North-west Branch runs through the tract from 
near Ashton to Kemp's Mill. 

Charles and Benjamin, surveyed and granted to Charles 
Beall, July 2nd, 1718, containing two thousand two hundred ami 
eighty acres. This tract extends from E. J. Hall's farm down 
the Brookville and Washington Turnpike to Higgins' Tavern, 
embracing the farms of Z. D. Waters. Thomas Waters, Josiah 
W. Jones, Samuel Cashell, and others. The Episcopal Church 
at Mechanicsville is located on this grant. The town of Me- 
chanicsville is built on a small tract occasioned by a vacancy 
between older surveys, and was named after the King of 
England, 

George the Third, and granted to Richard Brooke, July 
28th, 1763, and contained forty-seven acres. Returning again 
to West Point Branch, 

BeaU's Manor is found, granted to Charles and William 
Beall, February 14th, ITl'U, embracing seventeen hundred and 
eighty -seven acres. Situated on the head-waters of West Point 



38 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

Branch, beginning in Thomas Wiupenny's house-yard, a mile 
north of Colesville on the Ashton and Sligo Turnpike. On it 
are located the farms of Thomas Winpenny, Mr. O'Hare, Lloyd 
Green, J. W. Bancroft, and others. Colesville stands on a tract 
adjacent to " Bead's Manor," surveyed about the same time, and 
called 

Beall Christie, and contained five hundred and six acres. 
Colesville is a thriving village of recent date. 

Bear Garden Enlarged, surveyed for Archibald Edmon- 
ston, November 10th, 1710, containing twelve hundred and sixty- 
five acres. Adjoining this tract, 

Deer Park, surveyed for Archibald Edmonston, February 
14th, 1720, containing six hundred and eighty-two acres. This 
grant, including "Beall Christie," lies between the West Point 
and the East Point Branches, and embrace the farms of Julius 
Marlow, and others. Adjacent to " Bead's Manor," is 

Snowden Mill, granted to Richard Snowdeu in October, 
1 7i»;;. surveyed for five hundred and forty-six acres. The 
Columbia road passes by this tract; while it is well watered 
by the West Point Branch passing through it. Nancy Brown's 
form, and others are included, as also the road from John 
Leizar*s to Nancy Brown's. 

Charley Forest, was granted to Major John Bradford, and 
contained one thousand two hundred and thirty acres. In- 
creased by 

Addition to Charley Forest, surveyed for the same per- 
son, September Pith, 1120. These two united, extend from 
Mechanicsville to within a short distance of where Bnell's Bridge 
crosses the Patuxent River. The turnpike from Mechanicsville 
to Sandy Sidings and Ashton passes over it, and from Ashton, 
the road to Snell's Bridge; and the road to Brighton runs on it. 
On this tract is situated Sandy Springs and Ashton, including 
many valuable farms, via: Fair Hill farm, at Mechanicsville, 
with the farms of William II. Farquhar, Albin Gilpin, \i. T. 
Bentley, Edward Thomas, and many others. The trad is lo- 
cated on the dividing ridge that separates the head-waters of 
the North-west Branch and Cabin (reek. 

In following the order of dates in settlement, llawlin.-s' River 

is reached, when 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 39 

Hygliam is found, granted to John Bradford, February 
23rd, ITl'o. surveyed for one hundred acres. Beginning from 

the same tree, is 

(.old's Branch, granted to Richard Snowden, July 30th, 
L722, for two hundred and fifty-seven acres. These two grants 
lie on Hawlings' River, and constituted a portion of the t'arni of 
Hon. Allen Bowie Davis, his residence being located on the 
latter, through which the Westminster road passes, and also 
Gold Branch, a small tributary of Hawlings' River. 

Gitting's Hah! Hah!! was surveyed for Thomas SpriggS 
and Richard Simmons. July L'Tth. 1724, and contained tive hun- 
dred and seventeen acres, lying on both sides of Hawlings' 
River, embracing the following farms: James T. Holland's, 
Thomas John Holland's, William Brown's, and others. Adjoin- 
ing this, lies 

Bordley's Choice, granted to Thomas Bordley, April 8th, 
L725, for one thousand acres. The Reedy Branch, an oil-shoo; 
of Hawlings' River, divides the tract and affords plenty of water 
to the following farms: Thomas J. Holland's, William Riggs', 
Thomas Riggs' and Brice Howard's. The Brookville Academy 
is located on this survey. Adjoining this grant lies a tract, 
originally 

Brooke Grove, surveyed for James Brooke, September 4th, 
1728, and a re-survey for the same person, November 15th, 1741, 
for three thousand one hundred and fifty-four acres, and again 
re-surveyed, so as to include the adjacent vacancies, and named 

Addition to Brooke Grove, surveyed tor James Brooke, 
September 29th, 17i»l\ and contained seven thousand nine hun- 
dred and six acres. After this addition to his drove, he had 
eleven thousand and sixty acres granted by patent, and six- 
thousand by purchase, and owned at the time of his death, 
nearly twenty thousand acres. 

This tract extends from Thomas J. Holland's farm, some eight 
or nine miles in a north-westerly direction, beyond the Big 
Seneca. The town of Brookeville, which was founded in 1780, 
and Laytonsville are situated on it. The load from Brookeville 
to Laytonsville passes through the tract, which embraces some 
of the finest farms in the County, including those of B. J. Hall, 
the late Dr. William B. Bfagruder, John Biggs, Charles Brooke, 
the late Walter Magruder, David L. Pugh, Thomas l>. Gaither, 



40 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

and Samuel Riggs, of R. This was the largest tract of land 
owned by one person in the County, and gives an example of 
the wealth and influence enjoyed by these early Princes of the 
Manor. James Brooke was a descendant of Robert Brooke, 
who established a Protestant Colony at 

Delia Brooke, on the Patuxent, on the 29th of June, 1650, 
seventy-eight years previous. 

John and Sarah, surveyed for John Philburn, December 
21st, 1724, and contained two hundred acres, includes the town 
of Unity. 

Benjamin's L-ot, surveyed for Benjamin Gaither, April 
8th, 17l'5, for five hundred and sixteen acres. Located on the 
Patuxent River and embraces the town of Triadelphia, and 
includes the farms of Robert Brown, and others. 

The Westminster road from Brookeville passes through 
"Bordley-s Choice," "Gold Branch," "Addition to Brooke 
Grove" and "Benjamin's Lot," to the Patuxent Bridge- 
New Year's Gift, granted to Thomas Bordley, October 
11th, 172G, for eleven hundred and forty-three acres, and is situ- 
ated near the head- waters of Hawlings' River. The road from 
Unity to Damascus runs through it. While it embraces the farms 
of the late Thomas Griffith, A. B. Worthington, Charles Hutton 
and Richard H. Griffith. 

With the granting of this tract, the settlements along the 
Patuxent, Hawlings, and head-waters of the Big Seneca Rivers 
seemed to come to a close, and remained so until about 1741, 
when they again commenced, and rapidly continued until 1775, 
when very little vacant land remained. 

Returning again to Rock Creek on the west side and passing 
down on the south of the road leading from Rockville to Balti- 
more, Caleb Litton has found a suitable place and concludes to 
look no farther, ami 

Am ra is surveyed for him, January 18th, 1720, and found to 
contain four hundred and five acres; since which time, Hon. 
Allen Bowie Davis found it covenient to add a portion of this 
tract to liis Pock ('reel; farm. 

Easy Come By, surveyed for William Pottinger, and con- 
tained three handled acres, granted to him October 2nd, 1722. 
Adjacent to this, is 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 41 

Mill Land, surveyed for Edward Dawson, March 10th, 
1724, contained two hundred and fourteen acres, and is situated 
on the west of Rock Creek, and lies on the north side of the 
road from Rockville to Baltimore, and embraces the farms of 
Judge Richard I. Bowie, and others. Three miles from Roek- 
ville, on the east of Rock Creek, and about one mile north- 
easterly from " Mill Land," lies 

Boyd's Delay, surveyed November 12th, L725, and granted 
to John Boyd, June 6th, 17-7, and contained two hundred and 
thirty-three acres, afterwards increased by the addition of 
several tracts, both by purchase and grant. Many of his 
descendants are still to be found in the County. His great- 
grandson, the late Rev. R. T. Boyd, an eminent divine, and one 
of the founders of the Methodist Protestant Church, and father 
of the publisher of this volume, was born on this estate in 
"17!M. His widow is still living and resides in Clarksburg of 
this County. The lands embrace the farms of William E. 
Muncaster, Roger B. Farquhar, and James F. Barnsly. 

Magruder's Hazard, surveyed for Samuel and John Ma- 
g-ruder, November 23rd, 1726, and contained one hundred acres. 
Paradise, surveyed for Thomas Cittings, September 17th, 
171*8, for two hundred acres. These two tracts lie on the I 
side of Bock Creek. The road from Redland to Muncaster's 
Mill passes through them. 

Bernard's Desire, surveyed for Luke Bernard, February 
1st, 171';;, containing two hundred and thirty acres. The road 
from Bockville to Redland passes through this tract, as also 
through the farm of the late John Bean. 

Wickham and Pottinger's Discovery, surveyed for 
Nathan Wickham and Samuel Bottinger, January 1st, 1721, and 
contained one thousand acres, and is situated on Piney Branch, 
and embraces the farms of N. 13. Offutt. Mary M.Dodd, Samuel 
Jones, and others. 

Partnership, granted to Henry Massey and John Flint, 
April 4th, 1722, and comprised two hundred acres, and adjoins 
"Dung Hill,"' heretofore mentioned. Watts 1 Branch runs 
through the land, which embraces at present the farm of Elbert 
Berry. 

The Brothers' Industry, surveyed for James Wallace, 
April 16th, 1722, for one thousand four hundred and tweutv 
4 



42 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

nine acres, and includes the farms of Edwin Wallace, Solon 
Young, and others. 

Deer Park, surveyed for Ralph Crabb, April 10th, 1722, 
and contained four hundred and seventy acres. It lies oil the 
ridge separating the head-waters of Muddy Branch from those 
of Whetstone Branch, and embraces a portion of Gaithersburg, 
a station on the Metropolitan Railroad, and since its incorpora- 
tion as a city, has rapidly improved. 

Fellowship, surveyed tor Nathan Wickham and Samuel 
Pottinger, March 10th, 1723, and contained four hundred acres, 
and lies on the head-waters of Whetstone Branch, and embraces 
the farm of the late Charles Saffell and the late Nathan Cook's 
home farm. 

Constant Friendship, granted to Joseph West and James 
Halmard in 1722, lies near Kockville, and includes the lands ot 
Levi Veirs, and others. 

As an evidence of the rapid growth of the province of Mary- 
land during those early colonial days, it is only necessary to 
glance at the Records of the Counties, and by examining the 
land patents, as described in this chapter, it will be found that 
from the settlement of "Easy Purchase" in 1710, to the survey 
of "Constant Friendship" in 1722, comprising as it does a large 
portion of the County, was accomplished in the short space of 
six years. And again, by examining the names and titles given 
the various tracts, it will be found that OUT forefathers were 
gentlemen of education and refinement — unlike the emigrant 
of the present, who lands on our shores ignorant and penni- 
less — they came to the New World to establish a country and 
a home, where liberty of thought and freedom of speech were to 
be the fundamental principles upon which to base their struc- 
ture. They came and brought their wives, their children, and 
their household gods, determined to brave all dangers, that 
they might bequeath to their children an inheritance worthy of 
their noble sires. 



CHAPTER VII. 
Land Grants— Continued. 

Wiokham's Good Will. The Joseph. Middle Plantation. Ma 
grudcr (did BeaWs Honesty. ( leieerwald Enlarged. Goose 
Pond. Bear Den. Prevention. Saint Mary's. Valentine 1 * 

Garden Kit I a rued. Re-survey on Valentine's Garden Enlarged. 
Raymonds Addition. Concord. Hanover. Flint's Grove. 
Happy Choice. Hope/cell. Jeremiah's Park. Partnership. 
The Re- survey on Part of Forest. Hani's Venture. Abraham's 
Lot. Kill main. John's De light. Conclusion. Turkey Thicket. 
Benjamin's Square. Spring Garden. AbeVs Levels. Mom 
Delight. Pork Plenty, if no Thieves. Chestnut Ridge. Ealfo. 

Grandmother's Good Will. Coir Pasture. Peaoh Tree Hill. 
Errors Corrected. Very Good. Kite the 1 liter. Silent Volley. 
Trouble Enough Indeed. 

It will be seen that the first settlements, commencing in n^s 
in Montgomery County, were along the banks of Bock Cre ek, 
extending n]» both banks of the stream as far as Kockville. 
Thence they Bought the Patuxent, and continued to spread 

along the banks of this fertile stream as far as SnelPs Bridge. 
Then the country lying west of Rock Creek, towards the Poto 
mac, and north and east of Kockville, seems to have attracted 
the attention of the settlers. Nexl came the flat red lands 
along the Potomac, in the vicinity of Darnfistown and Pooles- 
ville, which were surveyed and -ranted. Among the first was 
Wickham's Good Will, surveyed for James Plummer in 
1723, and contained two hundred and seventy acres. This 
tract is situated on Muddy Branch, near w here the road from 

Gaithersburg to I>n Fief's farm crosses the stream, and em- 
braces the farm of J. Hardesty. 

The Joseph, granted Joseph \\ est, Julj 1st, L723, and con- 
tained three hundred acres, lying on Muddy Branch. The road 
from Kockville to Darnestown paoOOO through the tract, winch 



44 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

has its beginning at a stone at the north-east corner of the 
bridge over .Muddy Branch. 

Mi«l<ll«> Plantation, surveyed for Daniel Dulaney, May 

30th, lTl'4, and embraced seven hundred and twenty two acres, 
Tins tract is situated at the mouth of Great Seneca, where the 
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal passes through it. 

Magrnder's and Beall's Honesty, granted to Daniel 
Magruder and Charles Beall, May 16th, ITlm;, and contained 
one thousand seven hundred and twenty-six acres, extends 
from "Leehe Forest,-' described in a preceding chapter, in a 
south-westerly direction to the Potomac River, and down the 
river to Edmond Brooke's farm, then returns with, or parallel 
with '^Friendship" and "Contention," before mentioned, and 
embraces the farm of William Beading. The Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal passes through it. 

Clewerwalcl Enlarged, surveyed for William (Mutt, July 
17th, ITl'S, contains two thousand acres, and embraces the 
farms of the late Philip Stone, George Bradley, Joshua W. 
Offiitt, and others. 

Goose Pond, surveyed for .John Chittam, November 4th, 
lli'i;, for one hundred acres, lies on the Potomac a short dis- 
tance above the Great Falls, "and is traversed by the Chesa- 
peake and Ohio ('anal. Just below this, and immediately 
opposite the ('.real Palls, is 

Hear Don, surveyed for William Ott'utt, April 4th, 1729, 
and contained two hundred acres. 

Prevention, granted William Beall and others, July 4th, 
1727, for eleven hundred and eighty-two acres. Rock Creek 
runs through the tract. Veins' Mill is located at the crossing 
of the Bockville and Washington Road. It embraces the Pock 
Creek farm of Judge Bouic, and others. 

Saint Mary's, granted Caleb Litton, dune 28th, L727, for 
sixty-seven acres, lies south of Bockville, on the city road. In 
a previous chapter it was stated that the original Pockville 
stood on "Exchange and New Exchange Enlarged." The 
additions will now be given: 

Valentino's Garden Enlarged, surveyed for Arthur 
Nelson, June 17th, L720, and contained nine hundred and fifty 
acres. The same re-surveyed as follows: 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 45 

Ke-snrvey on Valentine's Garden Knlarge<l. for 
Benry Wright Crabb, April 10th, 1753, for two thousand and 
eighty-five acres. On this tract stands the first addition to 
Rockville, and lies mostly north and north-west of Rockville, 

and extends us far as tlie Washington Grove Camp Ground. 

Haj niond's Addition, surveyed for John Eaymond, No- 
vember LOth, 1743, and contained three hundred acres. On 
tins tract lies the second addition to Rockville, embracing that 
portion of the town recently laid out in the vicinity of the Metro- 
politan Railroad Depot and the Agricultural Fair Grounds. 

About this time the tide of settlements slowly commenced t<> 
extend up tin- Potomac, and a neighbor is found for Richard 
Brightwell, who located near Edward's Ferry in UiiC). For 
twenty-six years he had braved the perils of his "Hunting 
Quarter," and during this time had seldom visited the lower 
settlements, being content with his dogs, ]>et bears and deers 
for companions, until 

Concord was granted fo Daniel Dulaney, April 26th, 1721, 
for one thousand one hundred and six acres, which was located 
about one mile above "Brightwell's Bunting Quarter," en the 

Potomac River, and one hundred yards above the month of 
Broad Pun, where the line begins and extends up the Potomac 
to some distance above White's Ferry, taking in most of the 

bottom lands, thrdugh which runs the Chesapeake and Ohio 

Canal. 

Hanover, granted to Dr. Patrick Hepburn. March 16th, 
172% for one thousand five hundred acres. This tract is situ- 
ated on the head waters of the Dry Seneca, and embrace- the 
forms of Howard Griffith, Samuel Darby, the late Grafton 
Beall, and others. 

I lint's Grove, surveyed for John Flint, July 4th, ITl'U. 
and contained three hundred acres, lies on Dry Seneca, and 
includes the farm of Thomas Fife. 

Happy Ciioiee, surveyed for ANilliam Black, May 20th, 
L724, for eleven hundred and eighty-six acres, and lies on the 

road from P.arnesville to Poekville. William O. Sellman's farm 
and others are included in this tract. 

Hopewell, granted to John Norress, October 31st, I7i'<i, for 
three hundred acres. lies on the Little Afonocacy, and is crossed 



46 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

by the road running from the mouth of Mouocacy to Mount 
Ephraim, and is also joined by the farm of William Price. 

Jeremiah's Park, surveyed for Jeremiah Hays, December 
10th, 1747, and includes the site upon which Barnesville stands. 
Sellman's Station and Post Office, one mile from Barnesville on 
the Metropolitan Eailroad, also called Barnesville Station, are 
located on this tract. 

Partnership, surveyed for Charles Diggs and John Brad- 
ford. April 10th, 1728, for two thousand acres, lies on Dry 
Seneca, and embraces the farms of Thomas Darby, Robert H. 
C. Allnutt, Samuel Dyson, F. S. Poole, John T. Fletchall, and 
others. 

The Re-survey on Part of Forest, surveyed for Robert 
Peter, May 17th, 1784, containing one thousand seven hundred 
and ninety-six and one-fourth acres, embraces the lands in and 
around Poolesville. The lirst house in which was built by 
John Poole, in 1793. 

■tanks* Venture, surveyed for John Banks, November 
29th, 1752, and contained one hundred acres, includes the pre- 
sent site of Redland. 

Abraham's Lot, granted Cornelius fitting in 1732, on the 
Potomac Biver, near the mouth of Broad Bun. 

Killmain, granted to Daniel Carroll in 1735, and contains 
three thousand acres, lies on the Conrad's Ferry road, and in- 
cludes the lands of Ludowick Young's heirs, and others. 

John's Delight, granted and surveyed for John Harriss, 
June 14th, 1755, embraces the lands in and adjacent to Martins- 
burg and Conrad's Ferry. 

Conclusion, granted Daniel Dulaney in 1731, embraces the 
farms of Joseph Dawson, Frederick Dawson, CoL George W. 
Dawson, and others, — all finely improved. 

Turkey Thicket, granted and surveyed for John Magru 
der, September, 1736, and embraces the farms of Zadok Ma- 
gruder, and others. 

Benjamin's Square, granted Benjamin Wallingford in 
1743, includes the farms adjacent to Goshen. 

Spring Garden, granted Higison Belt in 1738, includes the 
farm of James Williams, and the lands near Laytonsville. 

Abel's Levels, granted to Abel Brown in 1711, and 



HISTORY OF MONTGOM* '.Y COUNTY. 



47 



Moore's Delight, granted to Benjamin Penn in 1748, lies 
on the head-waters of the Great Seneca Creek, and embraces 
the farms of Col, Lyde Griffith, and others. 

Pork Plenty, if no Thieves, granted to Nathan Ward 

in 1753, lies on the Patuxent, and embraces the lands in and 
around Duvall's Old Mill. 

Chestnut Ridge, granted to George Buchanan in 1732, 
embraced the lands in and adjacent to Germantown Station, 
on the Metropolitan Railroad. 

Ital to, granted George Scott in 1740, includes a portion of 
Horace Waters' land, and others. 

Grandmother's Good Will, granted to John Crampton, 
lies on the Little Seneca, and adjoins the farm of George W. 
Israel, south of Clarksburg. 

Cow Pasture, surveyed for Henry Griffith, 10th February, 
1701, for three thousand eight hundred and fifty-tour and one- 
half acres, lies on both sides of Little Seneca Greek, near 
Clarksburg. 

Peach Tree Hill, granted Richard Watts, September 
13th, 1750, and contained seven ty-tive acres, and adjoins "Cow 
Pasture." A re-survey was granted for this tract to include 
vacancies, and called 

Errors Corrected, for Nicholas Bidgely Warfield, May 
23rd, 1792, containing two hundred and twenty-eight and three- 
fourths acres. The Little Seneca Creek passes through the 
tract, as also the Old Baltimore Road, from Barnesville to 
Neelsville. This is the home farm and residence of Gassaway 
\Y. Unthicum, and is under fine cultivation. 

Very Good, granted to John Dickinson in 1755; and 

Bite the Biter, granted to Samuel Saffell, in 1 75G, are 
both near the village of Damascus. 

Silent Valley, granted to Ellsworth Beane in 17.~>t;, lies 
east of Damascus. 

Trouble Enough Indeed, granted to Thomas Whitten, 
in 1761, contains two thousand four hundred and ninety-two 
acres, lies between Clarksburg and Damascus, and embraces 
the lands near King s Distillery. 

By glancing at the map of the County, and starting from a 
point on the Patuxent, east of Richard II. Griffith's residence, 
and draw a line to William Griffith's residence on Hawlings' 



48 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

River, thence to Brookeville, thence to Redland, thence to 
Charles_ Saffell's res idence , thence to F. A. Tschiftely's resi- 
dence, thence to where the river road crosses Watts' Branch, 
thence up the river road to the road from Poolesville to White's 
Ferry, thence west to the Potomac River, a tolerably well defined 
boundary line of the settlements made before 1730 will be had, 
excepting a few mentioned settlements made on the head-waters 
of the Great Seneca and the Dry Seneca. Beyond this bound- 
ary line but very few settlements were made previous to 1741. 
Within these limits the settlement went on regularly as before, 
but after 1741, the settlements again rapidly extended all over 
the County, so that by 1775 very little vacant land remained. 
After this period only here and there a vacancy was discovered, 
and then a re-survey on the adjacent tract would be made to 
include the vacancy or vacancies. 

From the earliest settlement to 1700, the grants were given 
as lying in Charles County; from 1700 to 1745, they were given 
as lying in Prince George's County; from 1745 to 1776, they 
were given as lying in Frederick County; and since 1776, all 
grants have been from Montgomery County. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

Frederick City. Georgetown, I). C. Tobacco. Rolling Roads. 
French War. Defeat of General Braddock. Massacre of the 
Settlers. The Revolution. Meeting at old Hungerford Tavern. 
Resolutions. Formation of Montgomery Comity, — Named 
after General Richard Montgomery. Rockville, — the County 
Seat. Districts of the County. Orphans' Court. Registers of 
Wills. Members of the State Convention. 

V Frederick, now the second city of the State, was laid out 
1745, and made the County town in 1748, — at which time Fred- 
erick County was formed, having- been carved out of Prince 
George's. 
Georgetown was laid out iu 1751 by an Act of the General 

• Assembly, which set forth there was a convenient site for a 
town at the mouth of Rock Creek on the Potowmack River, 
adjacent to the Inspec tion House, called George Gordon's Roll- 
ing House, and that Captain Henry Wright Crabb, John Need- 
ham, John Clagett, James Perrie, Samuel Magruder the 3rd, 
Josias Bead, and David Lynn, should be commissioned for 
Frederick Comity, and authorized to purchase sixty acres of 
Messrs. George Gordon and George Beall, at the place aforesaid, 
to be erected into a town .-ailed Gteorge Town . For the advant- 
age of the town and encouragement of the back inhabitants, the 
Commissioners were authorized to hold two Fairs annually, for 
three successive days, during which every one attending the 
same should be free from arrest, except for felony or breach of 
the peace. In 1783, a tract of land called the Rock ofBvmbarton 
belonging to Thomas Beall, was added to the town. In 1789. 
the town was incorporated, and Robert Peter was appointed. 
Mayor, and John Mackall Garrett, Recorder. Brooke Beall, 
Bernard O'Neal, Thomas Bead of George, James ^McCubbin J 



50 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

Lingan, John Thirl keld, and John Peter, Aldermen, so long as 
they shall well behave themselves therein. 

Falling- within the limits of the "ten miles square" that were 
ceded to the United States, by the States of Maryland and Vir- 
ginia, in 1702, it has ever since formed a part of the District of 
Columbia. 

The settlers multiplied and prospered, and the remunerative 
prices obtained lor tobacco, which . could be so successfully 
grown on their new lauds, stimulated their enterprise. There was 
a great stir and much activity displayed when the tobacco was 
ready for market. The huge and stout hogsheads were fitted 
up with rough shafts, fastened to cleets, in which revolved the 
strong axle like pins inserted in either end. A single horse was 
attached, and the driver walking by the side, began to "roll" 
his tobacco to the market-town, generally Georgetown or Elk 
Ridge Landing. Some of these roads are still known as "Boil- 
ing Roads." 

Their lives were spent in harmony and peace, until the break 
ing out of the French War, and the defeat of General Braddock 
in 1755, and the invasion of the western frontier of the province 
by the French and Indians from Fort Du Quesne. A period of 
terror and desolation ensued; the settlements were attacked and 
broken up; the outposts driven in; and some of the smaller 
posts captured and their garrisons massacred. More than 
twenty plantations were laid waste, and their occupants massa- 
cred or carried into captivity. 

A force was organized from the' lower district of Frederick 
County, (now Montgomery,) under Colonel Ridgely and Captain 
Alexander Beall,who went to the rescue and a horded protection 
to the settlers. General Braddock marched through this County 
on his ill-fated expedition, and encamped for one night within 
the present limits of Rockville. After the excitement attending 
the French and Indian War had subsided, nothing of military 
or political interest occurred, until the convulsions immediately 
preceding the Revolution. 

When the news reached the people that the British had 
blockaded the port of Boston, a meeting was called at the 
famous old Hungerford Tavern, the proceedings of which were 
as follows: 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 51 

"FREDERICK COUNTY, MD., RESOLUTIONS." 

"At a meeting of a respectable and numerous body of the 
freemen of the lower part of Frederick County, at Charles 
Hungerford's Tavern, on Saturday, the 11th day of June, 1774. 
Mr. Henry Griffith, Moderator. 

"l.s-f. Resolved unanimously, That it is flic opinion of this 
meeting', that the town of Boston is now suffering in the com- 
mon cause of America. 

" 2)id. Besolved unanimously, That every legal and constitu- 
tional measure ought to be used by all Americans for procuring 
a repeal of the Act of Parliament for blocking up the harbor of 
Boston . 

u 3rd. Resolved unanimously, That it is the opinion of this 
meeting, that the most effectual means for the securing of 
American freedom will be to break off all commerce with (heat 
Britain and the West Indies, until the said Act be repealed, 
and the right of taxation given up on permanent principles. 

u 4.th. Resolved unanimously, That Mr. Henry Griffith, Dr. 
Thomas Sprigg Wootton, Nathan Magruder, Evan Thomas, 
Richard Brooke, Richard Thomas, Zadok Magruder, Dr. Wil- 
liam Baker, Thomas Oramphin, Jr., and Allen Bowie, be a 
Committee to attend the General Committee at Annapolis, and 
of Correspondence for the lower part of Frederick County, and 
that any six of them shall have power to receive and communi- 
cate intelligence to and from the neighboring Committees. 

u oth. Resolved unanimously, That a copy of these our senti- 
ments be immediately transmitted to Annapolis and inserted in 
the Maryland Gazette. 

"Archib'ALD Orme, Clerk: 7 

Frederick County proper did not call a similar meeting until 
the 20th of June, nine days later. 

The Committee which met at Annapolis appointed Matthew 
Tilghman, Thomas Johnson} Robert Goldsborough, William 
Baca, and Samuel Chase, members of the State Committee of 
Safety and Correspondence. 

The .territory now became too extensively peopled to remain 
under one municipal government, and, in 177<». was divided into 
three district municipalities, viz : Frederick County, constituting 



52 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

1 he central; Washington County, the upper; and Montgomery 
County, the lower division. Montgomery County was name(J 
alter the gallant General Richard Montgomery, who fell on the 

Heights of Quebec in 1775, yielding up his life in the heroic 
attempt to rescue the Canadas from the dominion of Great 
Britain, and secure them to the then struggling cause of liberty 
in the American Colonies. 

This was the first County that ignored the custom of naming 
towns and counties after princes, lords and dukes, and adopting 
in their stead illustrious republican names. As subdivisions 
went on, and new counties were formed, such pretentious names 
as My Lord Baltimore, Lord Frederick, Lord Arundel, and 
Prince George, gave way before advancing ideas, and names 
made memorable, both in the civil and military service, ap- 
peared, viz: Washington, Carroll, Howard, and Garrett — all 
distinguished by a long and honorable career as eminent citizens 
and public officers. 

The first efforts towards the organization of Montgomery 
County was made by Dr. Thomas Sprigg Wo'otton, a member of 
the State Convention, who, on the 31st of August, 17711, pre- 
sented to the President of the Convention, an Ordinance for 
the division of Frederick County into three distinct and sepa- 
rate counties, — which was read and ordered to lie on the table. 

On the Oth of September following the Ordinance was again 
called up, and passed by a small majority. In relation to Mont- 
gomery County, il 

Resolved, That alter the first day of October next, such part 
of the said County of Frederick, as is contained within the 
bounds and limits following, to wit: Beginning at the east Bide 
of the mouth of Bock Creek on the Potomac River, and running 
thence with the said river to the mouth of the Moiioeacv, then 
with a straight line to Par's Spring, from thence With the line of 
the County to the beginning, shall be and is hereby erected into 
a new County called MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

In the succeeding year Rockville was selected as the 

County-seat, it was then but a small hamlet, with several 
small holdings, including Ilungerford*s Tavern, which is still 
standing and occupied by Mrs. Susan Btissell, whoso grand- 
father, Joseph Wilson, built and owned it, and the AnTterson 
house, in which Miss Julia Anderson lives. The old court- 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 53 

house \v;is built shortly afterwards, and the first Court held in 
177!). 

On the 3rd of August, 1784, William Rrather Williams pur- 
chased the land surrounding the court-honse, and immediately 
caused it to be laid off into streets and town lots by Col. Archi- 
bald Orme, County Surveyor, and named it Williamsbur g. 

At the November Session, 1801, of the General As- mbly of 
the Stale, an Act was passed, which, after reciting that Un- 
titles to these lots were uncertain, because there was no record 

of the survey thereof made by Col Qrme, erected the place into 
a town called Rockville, and appointed Commissioners tore- 
survey it. 

At the November Session, 1802, there was a supplemental 
Act passed, and, in 1803, the Commissioners caused the re- 
survey and a plan of the town to be math- by William Smith, 
County Surveyor, which is recorded in Liber L., of the Land 
Records of the County. 

It was at Hist contemplated to call tin- town Wattsville, but 
Watts' Branch being regarded as too insignificant a stream, it 
was finally concluded to honor its more assuming neighbor. 
Block Creek, and heme the name, Bockville. 

The old Bungerford, or Russell House, is not only the oldest 
building in the place, but also, from its associations, the object 
of greatest interest to the antiquary. Mrs. Richard Wootton, 
a sister in-law of that Thomas Sprigg Wootton who moved the 
erection of the County, danced at a ball given in it one hundred 
and nine years ago. 

The new County having been erected and furnished with a 
capital, it soon became necessary to lay if off into precincts; 
and. in 17<iS, an Act of Assembly was passed to divide it into 
five election districts, which was affirmed iii JJ99j and, in the 
same year, Daniel Beintzell, Bezekiah Veiteh, Thomas Fletch- 
all, .Joh n Adainson , and Thomas Davis, were appointed Com- 
missinnms, and marked out its Ii\e divisions, consisting of 

Rockville district. Medley's district, Berry's district, Cracklin 

district, and Clarksburg district. 

In 1878, the County was re-districted and divided into eight 
election precincts, viz: First district. Cracklin; Second district, 
Clarksburg; Third district, Medley's; Fourth district, Book- 






54 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

ville; Fifth district, Berry's; Sixth district, Darnestown; Sev- 
enth district, Bethesda; Eighth district, Mechanicsville. 

The political and territorial organization of the County was 
completed, and the first Court held at the house of Leonard 
Davis, on the 20th of May, 1777, — the memorable old Hunger- 
ford Tavern, only Leonard Davis had succeeded Charles Hun- 
gerford as host. Present: — the Worshipful Charles Jones, 
Samuel W. Magruder, Elisha Williams, William Deakins, Bich- 
ard Thompson, James Offutt, and Edward Burgess; Brook 
Bead, Clerk; Clement Beall, Sheriff, v^ 

The first Begister of Wills was Samuel West, who served 
until the close of 1777, when he was succeeded by Richard 
Wootton. 

Orphans' Courts and Registers of Wills were established in 
1777. These Courts at first consisted of seven Justices of the 
Peace in the several counties, any three of whom constituted a 
quorum. 

The present system, except that the Justices were appointive 
instead of elective, was established in 1790. The first Justices 
under the new system were Thomas Cramphin, Jr., Richard 
Wootton, and William Holmes. The names of the Justices 
who first served as Judges of the Orphans' Court, under the 
old system, have been lost, as no record of them can be found 
in the County. 

The members from this County, to the State Convention of 
177*i, were Thomas Sprigg Wootton, Jonathan Wilson, William 
Bayly, Jr., and Elisha Williams. 



CHAPTER IX. 

A Period of One Hundred and Forty Years. The First Conti- 
nental Congress. Maryland Convention. Enrollment and 
Organization of Companies. The First Blood sited in the 
Revolutionary War, 19th April, 1775. Captain Cresap's Com- 
pany. Their Bra eery in battle. Poivder Mills. Cannon 
Manufactories. Contingent called from Montgomery County. 
The deeds of prowess in Virginia and tlie Car<dinas. Revolu- 
tionary Officers from the County. The War of 1812. Distin- 
guished Officers in the War of tlte Rebellion. 

The First Continental Congress met at Philadelphia, on the 
5th of September, 1774. It issued a Manifesto, setting forth 
the rights and grievances of the Colonies, and, on its adjourn- 
ment, the Maryland Convention assembled and approved of the 
proceedings of the Congress. The power and dominion of the 
last Proprietary of Maryland closed with the organization of 
this Convention. 

A period of one hundred and forty years had passed since 
two hundred pioneers, under Leonard Calvert, landed at Saint 
Mary's; their descendants had extended themselves throughout 
the length and breadth of its boundaries; covered the Eastern 
Shore with wealth and civilization, — crossed the Blue Ridge, 
filling its valleys with a bold and hardy population. Commerce 
was filling its bays and rivers with fleets; the forge and furnace 
were already at work, although burdened by the restrictive laws 
of England; — the germs of her future prosperity were budding 
forth and giving promise of the greatness which this day sees 
realized. Thus stood the people of Maryland in the crisis which 
was approaching; liberal in their sentiments, proud of their 
liberties, prepared to extend them, and ready to maintain them 
with their lives. 

The Convention called upon the people of Maryland to bury 
all private animosities, all religious disputes, all memory of past 



5<3 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

persecution, and k -in the name of God, their country and pos- 
terity, to unite in defence of the common rights and liberties." 

The Convention again assembled on the 8ih of December, 
1774, to make preparations for an armed resistance to the power 
of England. The old government still retained the form and 
machinery of power; the new, without these, possessed an irre- 
sistible authority throughout the colony. The source of its 
power was not its legal form, but public sentiment. Besting on 
this, it needed not penalties and judicial tribunals, for the do- 
minion that lias public sentiment for its throne is irresistible. 
Those who refused to submit to the decrees of .the Convention 
were denounced by that body, and from that moment the offen- 
ders became the objects of scorn and contempt of their coun- 
trymen. 

The Convention then ordered all males, from sixteen to fifty 
years of age, to be enrolled and organized into companies; to 
be armed, ('quipped and drilled, ready for instant service. 
These orders were immediately carried out; old and young 
enrolled with the greatest enthusiasm. Maryland was prepar- 
ing herself tor the struggle, in Which she won so glorious a 
name. 

On the l'hh of April, 1775. the struggle culminated in open 
conflict, and the first blood shed in the Revolutionary War was 
at Lexington. After the battle of Bunker Hill there was no 
more hesitation; Congress determined, not only to defend the 
rights of the people, but to drive out the British troops. 
Thomas Johnson, of Maryland, had the honor of nominating 
General Washington as Commander-in-chief of the American 
forces. 

The Convention again met on the 26th duly, 177.1, and ordered 
the formation of a regular force, to be composed of a battalion, 
of which Colonel Smallwood received the command, and seven 
independent companies, numbering in all L444, besides two 
companies of artillery and one of marines. 

By a resolution of Congress, two companies of riflemen Acre 

called for from Maryland. These companies were soon idled 

with the hardy pioneers of Montgomery and Frederick Coun- 
ties. Captain Cresap's company numbered one hundred ami 
thirty men. who were armed with tomahaw ks and rities; were 
painted like Indians, and dressed in hunting shirts and moccas- 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 57 

sins. These men were ordered to march to the camp around 
Boston, being joined by like companies from Virginia and Penn- 
sylvania. The arrival of these stalwart fellows, such as Wash- 
ington had known in his early campaigns, many of them six 
feet and upwards in height, and of vigorous frame— in their 
fringed frocks and round hats, excited great wonder among the 
rustic visitors of the camp. Their dash, their skill— "they 
could hit a mark while advancing at quickstep, at the distance 
of two hundred and fifty yards,"— their striking costume, caused 
them to be looked upon with jealousy by the plainer troops 
about them,— who seemed to think that all valor, as well as 
virtue, was enclosed in the round jacket and trowsers of Mar- 
blehead,— and it was well for the gaily clad sons of the South, 
that their behaviour in battle was always equal to the expecta- 
tion they excited. In tbe sharpest conflict of the war, it was 
they "who stemmed the current of the bloody fight." The 
officers of these were Michael Cresap, Thomas Warren, Joseph 
Cresap, Jr., Richard Davis, Thomas Price, Otho H. Williams, 
and John Ross Key. Many were too impatient to endure the 
delay of organizing these troops, and hastened to join the camp 
before Boston, at their own expense. Among these was James 
Wilkinson, afterwards a Major-General in the United States' 
service. 

Great difficulty was experienced in obtaining supplies, the 
arsenal at Annapolis was almost empty. To overcome these 
difficulties, the Convention gave encouragement and gratuities 
for the manufacture of saltpetre, materials for clothing and 
munitions of Avar. Powder mills were erected, and Mr. Hughes 
of Montgomery County, agreed to furnish cannon for the pro- 
vince, and established a foundry on the Potomac River, at 
Green Spring, one mile above Georgetown, where the first 
cannon were made in this country,— a portion of the old stone 
building still remains, while broken fragments <>f cannon are ;it 
this time to be found in the stream of water that flows at the 
base of the building. 

The Convention having resolved to enroll forty companies of 
minute men, required eight or one-fifth of the whole to be raised 
in Frederick County, which then included what is now Mont- 
gomery and Washington Counties. 



58 HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

In raising the State contingent to reinforce the Federal armies 
in 1778, two years after the formation of Montgomery County, 
of the whole number, 2902 men required, Frederick's quota was 
300, Montgomery's was 156, and Washington's 108 men, about 
the same proportion, one-fifth. 

The two batallions required from Maryland for the relief of 
Boston were both selected from Montgomery and Frederick 
Counties, and from the number of officers from Montgomery 
who survived the Revolution and joined the Cincinnati Society 
at its close, it will be seen that a large portion not only of those 
troops, but of the entire Maryland line, were from this County. 
The names of the members of the Cincinnati Society were, C. 
Bicketts, Lieutenant; Lloyd Beall, Captain; Samuel B. Beall, 
Lieutenant; Henry < blither, Captain; Richard Anderson, Cap- 
tain; James McCubbin Lingan, Captain; Richard Chiderson, 
Captain; David Lynn, Captain. In addition to the members 
of that Society were Colonels Charles Greenbury Griffith and 
Richard IJrooke; Captains Edward Burgess and Robert 
Briscoe; Lieutenants Greenbury Caither, John Gaither, Elisha 
Beall, Elisha Williams. John Lynn and John Courts Jones; 
Ensigns Thomas Edmonson, John Griffith and William Lamar, 
and Quartermaster Richard Thompson, all from this County. 

It was a dark hour that the Maryland line was destined to 
enter the field. On the 10th of -Inly, 1776, six days utter the 
passage of the Declaration of Independence, six companies 
under Colonel Smallwood, and three from Baltimore, embarked 
for the head of Elk River, whence they marched to New York, 
and were incorporated in Lord Stirling's Brigade. They were 
well appointed and organized, composed of young and spirited 
men, who had already acquired the skill and presence of well 
drilled soldiers. No unofficer like appearance and deportment 
could be tolerated by the Marylanders, who at this time were 
distinguished by the most fashionable cut coats, the most 
,-tylish of cocked hats, and the hottest blood in the Union. On 
their arrival they immediately won the confidence of the Com- 
mander-in-Chief, and from the moment of their arrival, were 
thrown upon the advanced posts, and disposed as covering 

parties. 

The four independent companies remaining in Maryland, as 
was also the Hying camp, were ordered to join Col. Smallwood. 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 69 

The achievements and deeds of valor performed by the offi- 
cers and men in the desperate battles on Long Island, White 
Plains, Port Washington, Trenton and Princeton, gave to the 
Old Maryland lane its synonym for heroic valor and devoted 
patriotism. During this campaign, a most dark and bloody 
one, but fall of glory to the Maryland lane, the regiment was 
reduced to a mere handful of men under the command of a 
captain. The old line was almost annihilated. 

It having been found accessary to establish an army in the 
South tor the purpose of re-conquering South Carolina and 
Georgia from the British, and drive the invaders from North 
Carolina, the Maryland Line was detached from the main army, 
near New York in April, 1780, and inarched through New 
Jer8ey, Pennsylvania, and embarked at the head of Elk River 
fa- Baltimore. The first ami second brigades were immediately 
Idled up, and passed through the State early in May, num- 
bering about two thousand men, many of whom were from 
Montgomery and Frederick Counties. The most of that gallant 
and veteran army looked for the last time upon their beloved 
State; they offered up their lives in the defence of their brothers 
in the South. Their deeds of prowess, from the battle of Cam- 
den, where, under the command of Colonel Otho 11. Williams, 
of Montgomery County, General Smallwood, and Colonel John 
Eager Howard, including the bloody struggles of Cowpens. 
Guilford Court House, Ninety-Six, Paitaw Springs, and the 
Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, which took place on the 
L9th of October, 1781, nobly exemplifying the (act, that from 
the Heights of Brooklyn to the cotton fields of the Oarolinas, 
the Mankind Line maintained their reputation for discipline 
and valor, worthy to be enrolled on monuments of marble and 
bronze. They were not mercenary soldiers, but farmers, mer- 
chants, and mechanics, who pledged their fortunes and lives to 

the Cause Of liberty. 

The officers, elected by the Convention for this County, con- 
sisted of Colonels, .John Murdock and Zadok Magruder; Lien 
tenant Colonels, Thomas Johns and Charles G. Griffith; First 
Majors. Richard and Francis Hcukins: Second Majors, William 
Deakins and Richard Crabb; Quarter-Master, Samuel DuValL 
These wen- the representative men of the day. and as 



60 niSTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

of the cause of independence and freedom in its infancy, are 
worthy of perpetual remembrance. 

Montgomery County furnished soldiers for the War of 1812, 
/ in which Major George Peters served with distinction. At the 
battle of Bladensburg, in 1814, the militia from this County and 
Prince George's, under the command of Commodore Barney, 
aided by a body of seamen and marines , maintained their 
ground until they were overpowered by numbers, and the Com- 
modore taken prisoner. The eneiny then proceeded to Wash- 
ington, burned the Capitol, President's house and many other 
buildings. President Madison was compelled to take flight, 
and sought safety in Brookeville, in this County, from whence he 
issued his dispatches. In the late war between the sections, a 
large force entered the armies. Among the officers in the Con- 
federate service, none were more distinguished for capacity, 
efficiency and valor, than the lamented Colonel Ridgely Brown, 
Colonel Elijah Veirs White, Colonel T. H. S. Boyd, Colonel 
Gus Dorsey and Colonel Benjamin iS. White. In addition to 
these, there were Captains Thomas Griffith, Festus Griffith, 
George W. Chiswell and James Anderson, and Lieutenant 
Edward Chiswell, Surgeon Edward Wootten, and a host of 
other officers, non-commissioned officers and privates, all of 
• revolutionary descent, and who, whether in a good or bad cause, 
illustrated the valor of the race and well maintained tin 1 repu- 
tation of the old Maryland Line. 

So, from the first French and Indian War upon our borders, 
to the late sectional straggle, the people responded with alacrity 
to what they conceived to be the call of military duty. Their 
hearts ever glowing with the tire of patriotism. 



CHAPTER X. 

First Revolutionary Soldier. Montgomery's Revolutionary Roll. 
Pension Acts. Names of Pensioners. Meteoric Showers, as 
witnessed at the home of Charles Saffell, the Oldest Pensioner on 
the IJst. Scenes in Gaithershury and Roekville. 

The first Revolutionary soldier pensioned in Montgomery 
< bounty was James Carrant. He was placed on the roll in com- 
pliance with the general Invalid Pension Law, approved June 
7th, 1785, and died September 4th, 1822. Francis Hutchinson 
was also a pensioner, but not revolutionary. He belonged to 
the regular army of the United States. Samuel Harris was 
pensioned as a matross of the revolutionary artillery, and died 
on the 19th of September, 1820; and William A. Xeedham was 
also a revolutionary pensioner, placed on the roll in 1808. 
William O'Xeal, was a private iu the Maryland militia at some 
period not known, and placed on the pension roll, per Act April 
30th, 1810, at the rate of $48 per annum; and Samuel B. White 
was a private in the revolutionary army, pensioned per Act 
June 7th. 1785, and died .January 16th, 1832. -lames White 
was also a pensioner, per Act June 7th, 1785. He belonged to 
the revolutionary army, but the time of his death is not known. 
All the soldiers named above were invalid pensioners, pensioned 
on account of wounds and disability received in the service of 
the United States, in the line of their duty, and they honorably 
appear on old Montgomery's roll of honor, as good men, tried 
and true. 

The following revolutionary soldiers, residing in Montgomery 
County, were pensioned by an Act of Congress, approved the 
18th of March, 1818. In order to obtain the benefit of this Act, 
they were required to prove nine mouths service in the Conti- 
nental army, and exhibit, under oath, a schedule showing that 
their property was worth no more than $500. Another Act was 
passed on the 1st of May, 1820, requiring the exhibition of 



62 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

another schedule, and, if in the meantime, their property had 

increased, so as to exceed $500 in value, they were dropped 
from the pension roll. These Acts of Congress were very dis- 
tasteful to the old soldiers, for they looked upon them as offer- 
ing a reward to soldiers for keeping themselves in poverty. 
The first name in the County placed on the pension roll, in com-. 
pliance with the Act of 1818, was John Bobbins, on the 6th of 
April, 1818, aged 72 years, at the rate of $96 per annum. He 
belonged to the " Old Maryland Line," so distinguished in all 
the battles in which it took a part All the pensioners under 
this Act, if privates, received $96 per annum; if commissioned 
officers, they were allowed $240 per annum. The second name 
y placed on the roll was that of Joseph Kay, aged 65 years, also 
of the Maryland Continental lane. Then followed the names 
of Thomas Penefill, aged. 72 years, who died December 15th, 
1832; James Ervin, aged 07, who died June 28th, L827; George 
Field, aged 80, time of death unknown; Robert Eurdle, aged 
7o, time of death unknown; John Jordon, aged 77, time of 
death unknown; Henry Leeke, age not given, dropped from the 
roll per Act May 1st, 1820, lime of death unknown. These 
were privates of the Maryland Line. 

James Campbell, of Virginia Line, aged 71 years, private, 
died September 14th, 1827; Beltzor Lohr, Pennsylvania Line, 
1 7(1, private, died February 27th, 1827; Thomas Lingan, 
Lieutenant, Maryland Line, aged <*>7, died May 28th, 1825; 
William Layman. Ensign, Maryland Line, aged SI, dropped 
from the roll per Act .May 1st, 1820, rest (.red March 22nd, L826, 
time of death unknown. The two officers lasl named were pen- 
sioned at the rate of $240 per annum. 

The following named soldiers of the revolutionary war, residing 
in the County, were pensioned per Act of Congress, approved 
dune 7th, 1832. The minimum rate of pension allowed a pri- 
vate under this Act. was $20 per annum for six months service 

in any department of the revolutionary army, and increased, 
pro rata, according to the time of service, so as not to exceed 
the rate of $80 per annum, the maximum, for I wo years service. 
No grade of officer was allowed more than $600 per annum, for 
two years service. Periods of service for less than two years, 
were rated according to rank and lime of service. Every 
soldier was entitled to pension under this Act, without regard to 



30.15 


u 


" 


(1 


« 79. 


30.00 


u 


l( 


(( 


" 78. 


80.00 


» 


(1 


a 


" 77. 


79.66 


(( 


New York 


a 


(t 


88.00 


U 


Maryland 


u 


" 84. 


85.97 


u 


u 


u 


" 76. 



HISTORY OF MOM GH »MI BB1 COUNTY. 63 

the value of bia property, and many who Lost their pensions od tlie 

passage Of the Act Of May 1st, L820, were restored by the Act 
Of 1832. All pensions under this Act were made to commence 
on the. 4th of March, 1831; Those pensioned were as follows: 

_ Geo. Beckwith, Sergeant, $32.50 per ann., Maryland Line, age 74. 
Richard Barrett, " 
Giles Easton, Private, 
Caleb Galwortli, " 
('has. Morris. Corporal, 
Chas. Saffell, Musician, 
Joseph Warfield, Lieutenant, 85.97 
Saml. Griffith, Captain, 414.00 
Jamee Fling, Private, 80.00 " Virginia " " 78. 

Charles Saffell, the oldest man on the list, died in 1837. 

The following thrilling- account of a visit to the home of this 
old veteran, on the occasion ot the great Meteoric Showers on 
the night of the 12th of November, 1833, four years previous 
to his death, will be interesting. 

"Five miles beyond the mill. (Cloppers on the great Seneca,) 
at early candle light. I reined np at the farm of Charles Saffell, 
an old soldier, then 84 years of age, who had been a musician 
in the Revolutionary Army. The old gentleman had a drum, 
life ami fiddle, an old English musket, which he captured at 
the battle of lbandywine, and many other relics from the 'days 
that tried men's BOuls.' He was spending the calm evening of 

his long life in singing our long catalogue of heroes, yet un- 
sung; and from his sweet flute, life and violin I ardently 
drank in the inspiring melodies of the revolution. At the hour 

Of ten o'clock 1 took a candle and a nor of paper matches, 
about the length and appearance of a row of pins, and retired 
to bed in an upper room. The matches were made h\ cutting 
out a piece of paper about three inches long, and one wide, and 
making a do/en clips with a pair of scissors, into one of the 
longer edges of the paper so prepared, as to extend about three- 
quarters of the distance across its width. This clipped I 
was dipped into the combustible mixture, and when dry, all 
that was necessar.N to produce a tlame, was to tear off one OJ 
these clippings ami draw its dipped ends gently along between 
the tip of the forefinger and the wall of your room, or over the 



04 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

surface of any other rough substance. I struck the match, the 
first kind known in trade, and with a cheerful and glad heart 
lit the candle. I was under the cover and yielded to tired 
nature's sweet restorer, but soon encountered very singular and 
inexplicable experience, which I will mention, for I am writing 
facts, of which I ought not to be ashamed. The air being keen 
and frosty, three counterpanes were on the bed, and I slid 
under them and made a survey of the surroundings in the dark 
room before trying my hand at sleep. On entering the room I 
discovered a wooden bolt on the door and made it fast against 
intrusion; saw several chairs, other articles of furniture, and 
two windows only, over which curtains Avere hanging, one of 
them being at the back of the bed, within reach of the occu- 
pant. Trying my hand at sleep, I met with half success, but 
just at this stage of proceeding, imagine my surprise when, by 
some unseen force, the three counterpanes were drawn violently 
from the bed to the floor! After recovering from my surprise 
and fright, I visited the ruins on the floor, recaptured the 
counterpanes, and courted sleep once more. After a time, I 
fell into a troubled sleep, and down went the counterpanes 
again with greater violence than at first. I sprang down after 
them, found the matches, lit the caudle, and searched for the 
intruder, but no such party could be found, neither in nor under 
the bed, nor elsewhere in the room. 

"I made up the bed again, got in, tried to sleep, but the fates 
bad decreed that I should not, for sleep had departed to climes 
to me unknown. After a long trial, I know not how long, I 
nervously fell into its arms again, but was suddenly roused by 
a terrific stream of unearthly light, flashing through the win- 
dow, curtain and all, and blazing over the room from floor to 
ceiling! Suddenly drawing the curtain aside, I beheld a great 
ball of fire, as large as the sun and moon, appear, rushing from 
the direction of the zenith, and describing a circular or parabolic 
curve towards the far distant south-western horizon ! Hearing 
at the same time a great uproar among the servants down in the 
yard, I sprang from the bed to the next window, and looked out 
upon the great Meteoric shower of the 12th and 13th of Novem- 
ber, 1833. Rushing down into the yard, I saw a squad of fright- 
ened servants, so terrified indeed that they knew nothing save 
that the world was coming to an end. The old soldier appeared 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 65 

at the door, asked me to come into his room, and said it was 
nothing— he had seen the like before. The shower continued till 
overpowered by daylight, the stars rushing down through space 
like snow-flakes, yet vastly more luminous. Fearful balls of fire 
shot madly towards the earth, like the pyrotechnic rocket shoots 
upward, consuming their substance in flight, or losing it by fric- 
tion against the walls of air. Most of the meteors were as large 
and brilliant as the stars themselves; and it required no vivid 
imagination to suppose that these celestial bodies were then 
rushing down to earth; for the heavens blazed with an inces- 
sant discharge of fiery globes that burst in countless numbers 
from the cloudless sky. 

"Leaving the old soldier's house, I hurried on to Rockville, 
through Gaithersburg, looking all along the road for traces of 
the great phenomenon; some natural record or engraving of its 
occurrence; but could discover none, save in the eternal Hint of 
words and memory. All whom I talked with on the way took 
a religious view of the case, none venturing an astronomical or 
meteorological solution of the great problem so suddenly 
sprung upon them. It Avas therefore generally believed that 
the time had come when 'the stars of heaven shall fall,' and 
when 'the powers of the heaven shall be shaken,' for the con- 
fusion was so great that not one could call to mind the fact that 
the great Egyptian, Grecian, Roman and Jewish stars of empire 
and powers of heaven, referred to by the great Teacher and 
Prophet, had already fallen along the Mediterranean shores, to 
make way for other great stars of empire, climbing the canopy 
of nations, and holding their way westward. 

"At Gaithersburg, and on the road from that village to 
Rockville, I met great numbers of people hurrying to and fro 
that their knowledge might be increased. The theory that all 
the stars were down and that not a luminary would blaze and 
twinkle in the heavens during the coming night, was generally 
supported by those who took a Biblical view of the matter on 
their 'own hook;' but such as had the least claim to common 
sense, knew better, and sought an explanation somewhere out- 
side of the lids of the Bible. 

"About 9 o'clock on the morning of the 13th, I reined up 
before the old hotel in Rockville, and soon entered the bar-room, 
but I shall break down in the attempt to describe appearances 



<)<» HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

in that room, in front of the door, on the porch, in the street, 
and wagon-yard, — not that [ did not see mid remember well 
enough to do so — but that description was so beggared that no 
pen was, nor is, adequate to the task. — I saw lawyers, physi- 
cians, ministers, farmers, wagoners, sportsmen in the chase, 
and at the card-table — all repenting of their sins; confessing to 
one another; taking and denying positions, and covering up 
tracks. Certain of them confessed that when they first saw the 
raging meteoric shower cast its globes of fire to the ground, and 
against the outside walls and the windows of their room, they 
rushed from the card-table, cast their pack into the fire, and 
kneeled in prayer before a long neglected throne of* mercy. 
They prayed ardently, it is said, until the shower was overpow- 
ered by daylight, and just as 1 entered the bar-room, I saw 
some of the accused coming down stairs with elongated faces 
unwashed, uncombed hair, unbrushed clothing, unblacked 
boots, and caved-in beavers! One excited orator stood forth in 
the bar room, and declared that every man, who believed the 
big stars had fallen, was a fool; for he had watched them dur- 
ing the whole time of the shower, and not one of them had for- 
saken its post in the heavens.. 'When night comes/ said he, 
'you may miss some of the little stars, but my word for it, the 
big ones will be there.' Countrymen on their way to market 
declared that they saw great stars fall, explode and bury their 
fragments in the earth, 

"I soon left for Georgetown to gain experience there; ami 
here, in conclusion, I remark, that persons grown up since the 
year L833, can never obtain an idea of the great meteoric 
Shower worthy of the name of an idea, for it must be seen only 
to lie realized, and that by large and cultivated capacities." 



chaptp:k xi. 

First Member of Congress from this County. Whisht/ Insurrec- 
tion in Pennsylvcmia. Names of Montgomerians who served in 
the Federal Congress. Hon. Montgomery Bladr as Cabinet 
Minister. Members of Reform Nate Conventions, L850-51, 
18(54, 1867. First County Surveyor. First Schools. An Act 
for Purchasing School Property. Academics, Colleges, dr., and 
their Students. First Church in the County, Parson William 
»o», Rector. 

The first Member of Congress from this County was General 
Jeremiah (Jrabb, a, member of one of the first Congresses. 
At the close of the Revolutionary war, he received-a commis- 
sion as Genera] from General George Washington, and was 
employed against the whiskey insurrectionists in Pennsylvania. 
This was occasioned by the first attempt at obtaining a revenue 
from interna] taxes, by an Act, passed in 17!>1, imposing duties 
on domestic distilled spirits. This Act had from the first been 
very unpopular in many parts of the country. During this year 
tin 1 attempts to enforce the Act led to open defiance of the laws 
in the western counties of Pennsylvania. After two ineffectual 
proclamations by the President, he was compelled to call into 
action a large military force, in order to quell the insurgents. 

The names of the different gentlemen who have at various 
periods since served in the Federal Congress, from this ( minty. 
are, Patrice Mag rider, Thomas Plater. Philip Barton 
Key, Alexander Contee Sanson, at one time chancellor 

of the Stale. GEORGE PETER, GEORGE C. WASHINGTON, and 

Richard .!. Bowie, who has also held the position of Chief 

.Judge of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, and is now one of 
the Associate Justices of that Court, and Chief Judge of the 
Sixth .Judicial Circuit of this State. The County has also fur- 
nished one Cabinet .Minister to the General Government — Hon. 
Montgomery Blair: and two Presidents of the .Mary- 



68 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

land Senate — Benjamin S. Forrest and William Lingan 
Gaither. 

The members from this County of the Reform State Conven- 
tion of 1850 and 1851, were Dr. Washington Waters, James 
W. Anderson, John Brewer, Allen Bowie Davis, and 
John Mortimer Kilgour. Of the State Convention of 1804, 
Dr. Edmond P. DuVall, Thomas Lansdale and George 
Peter; and of the Convention ot 1807, Dr. Nicholas 
Brewer, Dr. Washington DuVall, Samuel Riggs of R. 
and Greenbury M. Watkins. 

Thomas Davis was Surveyor of the County in 1790, and 
besides being a good practical surveyor, was frequently elected 
to represent his native County in the Legislature, the Electoral 
College for electing the State Senators, under the old Constitu- 
tion, and as a member of the Governor's Council. He served 
as a Justice of the Peace, a member of the Board of Tax Com- 
missioners, Judge of the Levy and Orphans' Courts, and also was 
one of the Associate Judges of the County Court, before the 
change of the system requiring all three of the Judges to be 
taken from the legal profession. Besides these public duties, 
he was frequently called upon to draw deeds, wills and con- 
tracts, and to act as umpire or arbitrator in settling disputes 
between neighbors and other citizens of the County. He was 
also one of the founders and leading trustees of the Brookville 
Academy, and of St. Bartholomew's Protestant Episcopal 
(march, in whose Vestry and Communion he died in 1833, in 
the sixty-tilth year of his age, deeply lamented and mourned 
by a wide circle of friends and relatives, — a life worthy of record 
and imitation. 

An Act for the encouragement of learning and erecting schools 
in the several Counties of the State, passed in 1723, enacted 
that one school should be established in each County, with seven 
visitors appointed for each, with power to hold lands to the 
value of one hundred pounds sterling per annum, and were 
required to purchase one hundred acres of land for the use of 
the school, and erect necessary buildings for master and school, 
and certain moneys were appropriated, and directed to be 
equally divided between the Counties. 

The masters were required to teach as many poor children as 
the Visitors should determine. Under this law, County Schools 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 69 

were erected in all the older and more populous Counties. In 
further pursuance of this policy, the Assembly of 1703, chapter 
32, declaring it was reasonable that education should be 
extended equally to the-geveral parts of the Province, and that 
there should be a Public* School erected in Frederick County, 
as well as in other Counties. In order to the erecting and build- 
ing a house and other conveniences for a County School, enacted 
there should be one acre purchased iu Frederick Town, in Fred- 
erick County ; that Col. Thomas Cresap, Mr. Thos. Beatty, Mr. 
Nathan Magruder, Capt. Joseph Chapline, Mr. John Darnall, 
> Col. Samuel Bead and the Rev. Mr. Thomas Bacon, be Visitors 
of the School, and authorized to purchase the lot. It was 
further enacted that an equal dividend of the duties, taxes, &c, 
collected for the use of the County Schools, shall be paid to 
said Visitors, and applied to the purchase of said lots and 
buildings. 

The Public School System, under the control of the Church 
of England, although tainted with the intolerance of the period, 
displays a commendable solicitude for the cultivation of the 
minds and morals of the youth of the Colony. In the absence 
of Collegiate Institutions, Private Schools conducted by learned 
men, ecclesiastical and lay, of all creeds, laid the foundation of 
scholastic knowledge. The more affluent youth were educated 
abroad; but the log school house, and the winter fireside, 
developed the seeds of science in many minds, and produced a 
race of men of extraordinary mental endowments and capacity 
for public affairs. 

The first School of any reputation in the County, was a Sem- 
inary for young men, established towards the close of the 
Revolutionary War, by Mr. James Hunt, a Presbyterian 
Clergyman from Philadelphia, on his farm called "TUSCULUM," 
now memorable as the Alma Mater of William Wirt. It was 
here he was prepared, as far as scholastic training could pro- 
par*' him, for that brilliant career which has made his name one 
of the most illustrious in American annals. 

The next Classical Institution established in the County, was 
the IloCKViLLE Academy, chartered in 1809, and the J.rooke- 
ville Academy next in 1814. Both of these Institutions are 
handsomeh endowed by the State, and have been in successful 
operation ever since their foundation, and have exerted a refin- 



70 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

ing and elevating influence, not only on the youth of the Comity, 
but extending throughout the different sections of the country. 

Many private institutions of learning-, of efficiency and repu- 
tation, have since been established aJf Kockville, Brookeville, 
Sandy Spring, Darnestown and Poflftsville, while the Public 
School System is the best that could be devised. Involuntary 
ignorance is no longer possible, and ignorance of every kind is 
being rapidly eradicated. 

A description of one of the early schools will be interesting, 
describing the scenes and incidents connected with education 
fifty years ago, at the Barnesvllle Academy, near the 
Village of Barnesville in this < Ymuty. It was called in those 
days Hays' School House, and consisted of a room sixty feet 
long by thirty feet wide, built to accommodate about one hun- 
dred scholars; old style desks, carefully made with drawers for 
keeping the books in safe condition, were arranged around the 
walls, and along the middle of the floor. Two ten plate stoves, 
made for burning wood, half the cord stick in length, warmed 
the hall ; shelves extended* all around the upper part of the 
walls near the ceiling, for the storage of grtib baskets; and nails 
were driven in the walls, close under these shelves, for the 
hanging up of cloaks, hats, bonnets and shawls. The princi- 
pal's desk was placed at the south end of the hall. On it sat 
the bell, the much dreaded bell in ''play time," whose sound 
must not be disregarded. Before it, reposed the rattan, a 
foreigner by growth, yet it frequently made itself too familiar 
with the school boys, for the comfort of the latter. Contrary 
to the general laws of war, it would attack them in the rear, 
and make retreat impossible. 

The halcyon days of the academy Mere from 1830 to 1836; 
Thomas Garr Lannan, a graduate of Belfast College, Ireland, 
was the principal; and, for a time, .Mr. Rogers and Mr. McGary, 
two voting candidates for holy orders in the Catholic Church, 
his assistants. 

Beginning with the young ladies, who graded high in [Mr. 
Lannan's classes, comes Miss Henrietta llerwood, a beautiful 
and queenhj young lady, sixteen or seventeen years of age, 
who came four miles to school, riding on the same horse, behind 
her elder brother. She was an orphan and resided with the 
family of Richard A. Harding near the month of Monocacy; 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 71 

Miss Mary Plummer, a mild and gifted young lady of sixteen, 
beautiful of face and form, with energies Bufficii iduce 

her to scon, the foot of any class: Miss Caroline Murphy, the 
accomplished belle of the. Sugar Loaf, so charming as to be able 
to break multitudes of sfftng hearts without her knowledge or 
cousent. She rendered "Old Zip Toon" so sweetly on" the 
piano, that, on oft-repeated occasions, the light fantastic toe of 
her admirers would be set in motion keeping time with the 
melody. Miss Martha Hayes, a, very neat and handsome figure 
deep blue eyes, and intellectual forehead and face: she wa 
gifted in conversation, and general favorite in the school. Miss 
Mary Xicholls a beautiful, intellectual, and winning- young lady, 
bound to gravitate to the head of her class; .Miss Frances Trail! 
who fell behind none of the above mentioned in accomplish- 
ments, and .Miss Jane, her sister, a handsome blue-eyed girl, a 
sharp scholar, and general favorite; Miss Sarah Ellen Hays, 
a rare beauty, sweet singer, and an accomplished performer on 
the piano; Miss Ellen Jones, sixteen years old, beautiful and 
winning and a great favorite, highly esteemed by all her class- 
mates; Miss Mary Pearre, sister of Judge Pearre of Allegany 
County, not less beautiful than her classmates, yet more affec- 
tionate than many— her face just as intellectual as fair, was 
always seen at the head of her class, or thereabouts; Mis. 
Catharine Pearre, her sister— the words spoken of Mary are 
admirably adapted to her also; Miss Henrietta Wilcoxen, was 
the queen among the beauties of the County. 

These young ladies bore the old names of the County which 
carried a prestige, socially, of dominant influence. They 
silently told the story of their well-bred existence to every one 
who saw them; and appeared to be, as they really were, the 
daughters of unostentatious gentlemen of the old school, who 
planted and built for themselves and their posterity. 

The young gentlemen who attended the academy at this time 
were Edward Hays, Mortimore Trail. Oscar Trail, Thomas 
Nichols, Richard Belt, Thomas Harwood, John Bellman, Gassa- 
way Grimes, Howard Bellman, Thomas Johnson, James Pearre, 
Thomas Austin, Stephen Jay, Pickering White, George Pearre! 
David Ilershey, John Hershey, Lemuel Peall. Avery Bell, 
William Bellman, Richard Thompson, .John Reid, Robert Self 



72 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

man, William Saffell, Hamilton Anderson, King Jay, Reuben 
Carley, Philemon Plummer. 

Gassaway Grimes, Richard Thompson and John Reid 
belonged to the higher Latin and Greek classes. They entered 
upon the study of medicine, graduated, and became very 
respectable in the profession. 

Dr. Thomson now lives in Clarksburg and has an extensive 
practice, surrounded by his children and grand-children ; he bids 
fair to live long in the enjoyment of his pleasant surroundings. 
Dr. Reid lives in Washington County; Dr. Grimes died in 
early life, not long after he commenced practice. 

( >scar Trail, Edward Hays, Richard Belt and Thomas John- 
son belonged to the same class, and stood foremost in the 
academical course. 

Mr. Trail commenced the mercantile business in Baltimore, 
where he became a highly respected and successful merchant, 
but, to the great regret of all his friends and classmates, died 
early in life, leaving a young family. Messrs. Hays, Belt and 
Johnson took up some learned profession. 

George Bearre studied law in Frederick, became learned in 
the profession, and removed to Cumberland, where he became a 
Judge of Allegany Comity, whose distinguished abilities on the 
Bench fully declare his worth. 

William and Robert Sellman were respectable and 
ciii nest scholars, bent on "a business education," which this 
school well afforded. They made successful business men, 
highly respected in the community; John is now residing in 
Baltimore in very easy circumstances, and lias recently rilled 
a seat in the City Council with much ability and favor. Robert 
i,» also in Baltimore, where he has, for a great number of years, 
held and is still holding, to the entire satisfaction of the 
mercantile community, the office of Inspector of Flour. William 
now resides in our County, and has recently represented it in 
the Senate of Maryland, in a manner very satisfactory to his 
constituents. 

John Eershey, a noble young man, went into the ministry, 
after winning many prizes in the Latin and Creek classes, and 
became a useful and prominent Minister of the Gospel. 

At this school, the foundations for a thorough business educa- 
tion were well and truly laid down under the personal superin- 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 73 

tendence of the principal, and a training for the higher 
collegiate course was performed by him in a scholarly manner. 
All the Latin historians, poets, and orators occurring in the 
course between Jacob's Latin Eeader, and the polished sen- 
tences of Tacitus wen- well read and understood, and a similar 
Greek course kept equal pace with the Latin. A "business 
education," as understood at the Barnesville Academy, consisted 
in reading through the "English Reader," committing to 
memory a definition of all the words iu Walker's Small Diction 
an, ciphering as far as the "Single Rule of Three" in Arith- 
metic, with Grammar from Murray or Kirkham, sufficient to 
qualify the student to write an essay or letter over a half sheet 
of the large foolscap paper used in that day. To this was 
added Single Entry Book-Keeping, done on unruled paper, 
stitched together; for the purpose with needle and thread; but 
more frequently with awl and "wax end," obtained from shoe 
shops in the village. A balance sheet was struck ;it the end of 
six months, the course was finished, the student then graduated 
with "a business education" and retired from the school. This 
is what was generally understood as a business education fifty 
years ago. 

Graduating with a business education, with brains sharpened 
for the contest, the student, instead of retiring to the pursuits 
of life, would often enter the higher classes, springing as a lion 
into the arena, then woe to the poor stragglers in the rear, lor 
somebody must "step down and out," or make rapid strides 
towards the front 

After a course of gentle hazing, the new student was fully 
admitted into the society of the school. This was done by 
enticing the freshman into some amusing scrape with the 
principal, by ducking him in the snow in the winter; or he was 
by strategy on the part of the old regulars, repeatedly brought 
to "tin- knucks," at the game of marbles played in holes, until 
his hands were severely bruised. Mr. Lannan always made it 
a point to ascertain from the new scholar what business he 
wished to follow when grown up to manhood, and trained him 
accordingly, directing special and constant attention to the 
development of all his capacities in that direction. 

Public examinations were periodically held at the Academy. 
For a month or more previous they were drilled for the great 
6 



74 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

competitive struggle, in hard questions calculated to span over 
every branch of study. 

There was little or no literature in the early days of the 
County. 

But the public archives, the proceedings, reports, resolutions, 
and letters of public men, embodied in the Journals of the Con- 
vention; the legislation of the State immediately succeeding its 
organization as an independent sovereign power; the judicial 
opinions and the brilliant career of members of the bar edu- 
cated before and after, Martin, Pinkney, Wirt, Taney, Johnson, 
and men of that stamp, attest that the fountains from which 
(hey drank were both pure and invigorating. 

The first church in the County was the Rock Creek Church, 
in the Parish of Prince George, which extended over a portion 
of Prince George's County, and what is now the District of 
Columbia, and the whole of Montgomery and . Frederick 
Counties, but now only embraces a small territory around 
Roekville. Parson Williamson was the Rector in charge at the 
breaking out of the Revolutionary War, and built the fine old 
mansion of Hayes, formerly the seat of the Duulaps, and now 
the property of William Laird, Esq. He was supported by the 
compulsory tithe system. 



CHAPTER XII. 

First Public Roads. Rolling Tobacco to Market. Union Turn- 
pike. Washington, Colesville and Ashton. Columbia. The 
Old Baltimore. Rieer Road. Old Annapolis. Conduit. Old 
Potomac Company. Subscriptions to said Company. Chesa- 
peake and Ohio Canal. Coal Elerators in Georgetown. First 
Railroad in the Country. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 
Metropolitan Branch. 

The first public roads mentioned in the County, are the roads 
i'rom Georgetown to Frederick, and from Georgetown to Watts' 
Branch, provided for in the loan granted to the several Counties 
for road purposes, by the Act of Assembly, 1774. The next 
mention is of the road from Frederick to Georgetown, the road 
from Georgetown to the mouth of the Monocacy, and from the 
mouth of Monocacy to Montgomery Court House, (in the Act of 
Assembly, 1 790, to straighten and amend the public roads in 
the several Counties.) The planters at that early period did not 
use wheeled vehicles, but attached a sapling to each end of a 
tobacco hogshead, and thus formed a pair of shafts, by which 
they hauled the hogsheads for shipment to Europe, to Bladeus- 
burg, Georgetown, Elk Ridge, and Baltimore, and brought 
back their supplies of groceries and other necessaries on 
the backs of horses. They even brought their annual supply 
of herring and shad in this manner. Their clothing and 
bed linen were chiefly woven from home-grown flax and 
wool. Their personal travel was done exclusively on horse- 
back. 

Roads after this period rapidly multiplied. The turnpike 
from Kockville to Georgetown, the first paved road in the 
County, was originally chartered in 1800; but was actually 
constructed under an amendatory Act, containing the chief 
provisions of its present charter, passed in 1817. 



76 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

The Union Turnpike Road, leading from Washington to 
Brookeville, was chartered in 1849. It has recently built several 
branch roads, 

The Washington, Colesville and Ashton Turnpike road, 
chartered in 1870. 

The Columbia road runs from Washington to Westminster, 
passing through Brookeville. 

The Old Baltimore road runs through the County, commenc- 
ing on the Monocacy near its mouth. 

The River road runs along the Potomac from Georgetown to 
White's Ferry. 

The old Annapolis road runs from the Brookeville Turnpike, 
near Mitchell's Cross Roads to Annapolis. 

The Conduit road froin Georgetown to the Great Falls on the 
Potomac River, was completed in 1875. Tt follows the line of 
the Washington Aqueduct, and crosses Cabin John Branch on 
a bridge of a single arch, the longest span in the world. This 
Aqueduct is also a Montgomery County work, having its source 
and almost its entire line within the limits of the County, and 
its permissive right from the State of Maryland. 

The initial movement towards internal improvement in North 
America, was inaugurated in this County, in 1774, two years 
before the Declaration of Independence, and ten years before the 
organization of the old Potomac Company. George Washing- 
ton and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, were conspicuous as 
promoters of the movement. The following is a copy of an old 
subscription paper, showing the names of the subscribers and 
the amounts. 

"We, the subscribers, have considered John Ballendine's 
plan and proposals for clearing Potowmack River, and do ap- 
prove of it; and to enable him to set about that useful and 
necessary undertaking, do hereby agree and promise severally. 

to '-on tribute such assistance, or pay such sums as we respec- 
tively subscribe, to the Trustees named in the said plan and 
proposals, or to their order at such times and places, and in 
such proportions as shall be required by them, for the purpose 
of clearing the said River. Witness our hands this tenth 
day of October, one thousand seven hundred and 
seventy-four. 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 77 

"K B. — As nothing effectual can probably be done for less 
than about thirty thousand pounds, this subscription is not to 
be binding unless to the value of thirty thousand pounds, Penn- 
sylvania Currency, should be subscribed. 

"George Washington, five hundred pounds Virginia Cur- 
rency ; 

"Ralph Wormely, " " " - « 

"Th. Johnson, Jr., for self and Mr. L. Jacques, £500 Penn'a 
Cur'y. 

"Dan of St, Thos. Jenifer, three hundred pounds, Dol'rs at 
7s. M. 

"Geo. Plaix, three hundred pounds, Currency. 

"T. Ridout, two hundred pounds, Currency. 

"Daniel Dulany's son Walter, £200, Currency. 

"David Ross, for the Fredericksburg (Vs. 500 pounds Pen's 
Cur'y. 

"David Ross, for himself, 300 pounds Pennsylvania Currency. 

"Datfl and Sam'l Hughes, five hundred pounds Penn. Cur- 
rency. 

"Benj. Dulany, five hundred pounds Pennsylvania Money. 

"Thos. Ringgold, one thousand pounds, Pennsylvania Cur- 
rency. 

" W. Ellzey, one hundred pounds. 

"Jonas Clapham, one hundred pounds, Virginia Currency. 

"William Deakins, Jr., one hundered pounds — dollars, at 
7.v. (ul, 

"Joseph Chapline, fifty pounds common current money. 

"Tho. Richardson, fifty pounds, Pennsylvania Currency. 

"Thomas Johns, fifty pounds, common Currency. 

"Adam Stephen, two hundred pounds, Pennsylvania Cur- 
rency . 

"Boot and Tho. Rutherford, one hundred pounds, Penn'a 
Cur'y. 

"Francis Deakins, one hundred pounds, Com'u Cur'y of - 
Maryland. 

"Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, £1000, Cur'cy, Dol. at 
T.v. M. 

"By Act of Assembly in 1781. the State of Virginia gave to 
'George Washington, Esq..' fifty thousand shares, capital stock 
of the Potomac Company, and one hundred thousand shares of 



78 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

the James River Company's stock to testify their sense of 'his 
unexampled merits towards his country.' For this Washington 
returned his thanks in the most profound and grateful manner, 
but respectfully declined the gift; and in doing so, he uses these 
memorable words, which ought to be printed in gold over the 
door of every man who accepts high public trust,— 'When I was 
called to the station with which I was honored during the late 
conflict for our liberties, I thought it to be my duty to join to a 
tirm resolution to shut my hands against every pecuniary 
recoinpence; to this resolution I have invariably adhered; from 
this resolution (if I had the inclination) I do not consider my- 
self at liberty to depart.'" 

The old Potomac Company was chartered in 1784, and Gen- 
eral Washington was its first President, and assisted in person 
in the survey of the river. The object of the Company, was to 
render the upper Potomac River navigable by the means of 
locks, dams aud short canals. 

The work was so far proceeded with as to afford a precarious 
navigation at high water for batteaux or flat bottomed boats, 
from Cumberland to Georgetown. But the route was exceed- 
ingly dangerous, and a great number of boats were wrecked 
every spring. The people of Cooney, a settlement on the Vir- 
ginia shore of the Potomac, at and around its Little Falls, 
obtained from the wrecks a bountiful supply of flour, meat and 
groceries, and with the tish taken from the river, furnished them 
with their principal means of support. 
I The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which succeeded the old 
Potomac Canal, was first projected in 182;! by the States of 
Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania, and the National Govern- 
ment. It was chartered by the State of Virginia in lSi>4; but 
its organization was not completed until 1828, It is one of the 
greatest works of internal improvement in the country and of 
inestimable value to the people, extending as it does, along ihe 
entire Western bolder, and ottering cheap transportation to some 
of the richest sections of the County. 

An evidence of the magnitude of the business transmitted 
over the Canal in the one article of coal alone, can be formed 
from the number of boats unloaded at the elevators in George- 
town every year. Last year six thousand boats unloaded at 
these elevators, averaging one hundred and twelve tons each, 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 79 

making the total number of tons received, six hundred and sev- 
enty-two thousand. Some years past it has amounted to over 
one million tons. The facilities for unloading are so perfect, that 
from fifty to sixty boats can be unloaded per day. The freight 
from Cumberland is about eighty -five cents per ton, while the 
toll amounts to forty cents per ton. The Collector's office for 
the Company Is at Georgetown, and William E. Porter is super- 
intendent of the ('anal Company. Mr. Porte]- is from Cecil 
County, and was appointed superintendent in 1878. Previous 
to this, he was with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company 
for twenty-seven years, tweuty years as assistant master 
and seven years as supervisor of the road. During the 
war he had general charge of repairing and constructing 
bridges west of Harper's Ferry. Previous to the battle of 
Winchester, General Shields ordered him to construct a suspen- 
sion bridge across Back Creek, for the passage of his army. 
He accomplished the work in three hours, over which General 
Shields and his army of sixteen thousand men crossed in safety. 
Mr. Porter received the acknowledgments of the General after 
the battle. 

The Collector is William Snowden. from Anne Arundel 
County, and has a thorough acquaintance with the duties of 
the office. Mr. P. M. Griffith, who has been connected with the 
Canal since 1870, is Assistant Collector, and is from Beallsville, 
Montgomery County. — Mr. dames 8. Kemp, of Clarksburg, 
Montgomery County, is Harbor Master, and is assisted by 
Mr. Frank Fisher, from near Darnestown, of this County. 

In 1830, the ('anal Company constructed a railroad four or 
tive miles in length, 10 facilitate the transportation of stone 
from the great "White Quarry," at the foot of Sugar Loaf 
Mountain, for the building of an Aqueduct over the river 
Monocaoy at its junction with the Potomac. 

Ebtcavations for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad may have 
commenced before the excavations for this little mountain 
road, yel it is quite certain that here the first rails were laid, 
and here the first railroad in Maryland, and perhaps the first in 
the United States, was put in full operation. The Canal Com- 
pany, in preparing to construct the great Aqueduct at the 
mouth of Monoeaey. first thought of the transportation of 
ponderous hewn stone from the foot of the Sugar Loaf, by 



80 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

routes over which wagons could not possibly pass, and pro- 
ceeded to construct the first, and now almost forgotten railroad. 
As short as it was, and diminutive as it appeared before other 
great lines of road, which soon followed on its construction, it 
should be described in the history of the County. Iron rails 
were not used, the wooden ones, or " string pieces," as they 
were called, consisted of nothing more than trunks of. trees, 
generally oak, cut from twelve to sixteen feet long, so as to 
allow the diameter at the smaller end to be not less than eight 
or ten inches. Along the whole length of these string pieces a 
groove or triangular trough was cut with an adze from the cir- 
cumference to the centre, taking out a fourth part of the wood, 
which left two flat surfaces, forming a right angle at the heart 
or centre of the log. The trackway was graded and the log, or 
string piece, put down with one of its flat surfaces parallel with 
the surface of the ground, and the other perpendicular to it. 
The perimeter of the car-wheel ran on the flat surface of the 
groove or trough, and the outside or outward edge of the peri- 
meter moved along the perpendicular surfaces of the string 
piece on each side of the track, holding the car firmly in its 
place, and preventing it from running off to the ground. The 
rraek was firmly ballasted on the inner and outer side with blast 
rock. This was generally called, simply, blarst by the Irish 
laborers, because it consisted of small pieces of rock thrown off 
by blasting. A smooth path was made between the string 
pieces to accommodate two horses abreast. No cross ties were 
used; the weight of the string pieces and the stone ballast was 
sufficient to bind the track together. When one flat surface of 
the rail or string piece was worn and split by the pressure of 
the wheel, the other was turned down by turning the rails -'end 
for end," or from "side to side," of the track, and thus the road 
was repaired, until it became necessary to put in new string- 
pieces. The road was built up hill and down, through a rough 
ami mountainous country, for the greater part of the way- 
very little grading being done. The cars consisted of a plain 
wooden platform only, supported by iron wheels and axles. 
One wheel, or more, on each car, had cogs on the inside of the 
perimeter, into which au iron lever could play, so as to lock a 
wheel or two in going down hill. The lever was held in the 
hand of the driver of the horses; and when the wheel or wheels 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 81 

were locked, the car, witli its great load of hewn rock, would, 
to the relief of the horses, slide down the hill like a locked 
wagon on an earthen road. Snow was removed from the track 
by Irish laborers with shovels. A car containing tools and 
provisions, with "gigger" cups and big jugs, was dispatched 
from each terminus of the road to clean off snow, and when the 
two parties met on the road double giggers were dealt out by 
the "grog boss," and great hilarity pleasantly followed, unless 
the laborers happened to be hostile, and then an attempt might 
be made to repeat the battle of the Boyne. The road was kept 
in active operation until the Aqueduct was finished, and then 
abandoned to decay. Most of the string- pieces, however, were 
soon seized by the mountaineers for firewood, and the ballast 
hauled off to build and repair stone fences. 

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the pioneer of all the great 
railroad systems of the world, was chartered in 1827. This is 
not strictly a Montgomery work, and nowhere touches the 
County, yet as it. together with its Washington Branch, skirts 
the entire eastern and northern borders and approaches nearly 
to the western boundaries, and has been of such great import- 
ance to so large a portion of the people of the County, th. 
sketch of some of the results accomplished by the building of 
the road will be interesting. 

The Metropolitan Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
was chartered in 18(55, and completed and operated in the spring 
of 1873. The road runs diagonally through the County from its 
north-west corner to its south-eastern extremity, and is avail- 
able to nearly every sectiou of it, and when its Hanover Switch 
Branch is constructed, every neighborhood of the County will 
be within easy reach of either a railroad or canal. 

Richard Randolph, Assistant Engineer, located the whole 
line, and was then transferred to Valley Road of Virginia. 

dames A. Boyd had the first contract, which was for section 
11, Parr's Ridge, which is here 250 fret lower than the Parr's 
Ridge on Main Line; this was a deep cut three-fourths of a 
mile long, running from grade to 30 feel cut in one-fourth, then 
30 feet for one-fourth of a mile, then running out in the next 
one-fourth of a mile. About the time this section was finished, 
several of the next heaviest were put under contract. 

James A. Boyd took sections II), 12, 13, 14, !.""> and Ilk 
Henry Gautz, 17, 18, L9 and 20. E. 1>. Smith, section 7, indud- 



82 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

ing the masonry of Bridge over Monocacy ; the grade is 90 feet 
above low water over this stream; there is ;i very heavy embank - 
ment on west side, greatest height 70 feet; a long rock cut on 
cast side, 20 to 30 feet deep for more than three-fourths of a 
mile. 

The iron superstructure for this Monocacy Bridge was built 
by the Company, at their Mount Clare shops. Three spans 
of 200 feet each and one of 100. This one mile section cost, 
including graduation, masonry and bridge superstructure, 
$300,000. Sections 1, 2, 3,4, including the Calico Bocks, were 
built by the Company's Ibices. Sections 5 and 6, by Bernard 
Biley. Sections 8 and 33, by Peter McNamara. Section 9, by 
White and MeArdle. 21, Timothy Flaherty. 22 and 23, B. B. 
Codwise. 24, 25, 20, Michael Buoy. 27 and 30, Dennis Murphy. 
28 and 29. Timothy Cavan. 31, 32 and 33, G. M. Watkins. 
34 and 37, Patrick McCabe. 35, Alfred Ray. 30 and 39, -lames 
Forward. 40, Thomas A. Waters. 41 ami 42, by Company's 
force. 

Not finding materials for bridges at the crossing of Little 
Monocacy, Little and Big Seneca, — these streams were crossed 
on trestles, constructed by the Company's forces. Little Monoe- 
acy and Big Seneca, 70 feet high, and at Little Seneca, 100 feet 
high. The intention is to replace these trestles with permanent 
structures of stone and iron, when the trestles shall have been 
used to a proper extent. 

The maximum grade is 50 feet per mile. Minimum radius 
ut curvature, 1000 feet. Elevation at Gaithershurg. 510 feet 
above tide. 

I distance from Point of Rocks to Baltimore by old line 00 miles. 
« " " " via Washington new line so it 

As the location of Washington seems to be on ground pre 
pared for a site of the Seat of Government of a great Nation, 
so Montgomery County seems prepared to furnish supplies of 
all kinds tor the inhabitants of such a city; ."Milk. Butter, Poul- 
try, Hay, Fruit and Vegetables, in fact, every thing which will 

not stand long carriage. Also, by means of this road, to furnish 
locations for country residences for those who can afford it, the 
whole line from Washington to Sugar Loaf Mountain furnishes 
sites for cottages, where abundant water of best quality, shade 

trees and soil most favorable for gardeners can be found. 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 83 

All important passenger trains of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Company, including local and fast freight, pass over the Metro 
politan Branch, affording unprecedented facilities r<> the people 
for personal navel and transportation of productions and sup 
plies. There are twenty-eight stations on the road from Wash- 
ington to Point of Bocks, or the Washington Junction, the 
intersection with the Main Stem, a distance of forty-two and one 
half miles, viz: 

METROPOLITAN BRANCH. 

Station*. Miles, i Star Miles. 

Washington Rockville l(i| 

Metropolitan Junction 1 Derwood 10 

Queenstown 3J Washington (hove 20| 

Terra Cotta 4 Gaithersburg 21| 

Stott's 4} Hopper's 24.1 

Bright wood 6^ Germantown 26£ 

Silver Springs 7 Little Seneca 28J 

Linden . Boyd's 

Forest Glen 9.4 Barnesville 33} 

loiy's Quarry 9f Diekerson 

•wles 11 Tnscarora .ill 

Windham's 13.1 Sugar Loaf. 41 | 

Halpin 154 Washington Junction m 

The following is the list of Officers of the Load at present: 

President J. \Y. Garrett 

Vice-President John King. Jr. 

'2d 1 r iee- President Wm. Keyser. 

Chief Engineer James L. Randolph. 

ral Freight Agent M. R. Sniith. 

Master of Transportation W. M. Clements. 

" * k Rood John Bradshaw. 

" " Machinery John ( '. 1 >a\ is. 

Treasurer . . . AY. 11. I jam-. 

A udito, , . W. T. Thelin. 

Superintendent Pittsburg Division K. K. EFyndman. 

• " Trans. Ohio Division 0. 11. Hudson. 

<!< neral Ticket Agent L. Al. < lole. 

SiijiI. Terminal Tracks and Stations John L. Wilson. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

Prominent Men. 

Col John Berry. Flisha Biggs, Samuel Biggs. Mrs. Ann 
Poultney. Philip E. Thomas. Bev. Reuben T. Boyd, His 
Ordination as Minister of the Gospel. Bis Certificate to per- 
form marriage, signed by General Wm, Henry Harrison. John 
C. Clark. George B. Gaither. Israel H. B., and A. and 
B. B. Griffith. Thomas L. Reese. William Dame. Bev. 
Thomas McCormick. Thomas Moore. Caleb Bently. Isaac- 
Biggs. Boger Brooke. Hon. Francis P. Blair. Robert Pot- 
tinger. Dr. Wm. Boicie Magruder. Major George Peters. 
Drs. Duvall. Tobacco Inspectors. Robert tollman. Thos. 
B. W. Vinson, Triaddphia Cotton Factory. 

Col. John Berry, who participated in the defence of Fort 
McHenry when bombarded by the British in 1814, and whose 
well directed guns caused the British lion to weigh anchor and 
drop down the river, out of the reach of the artillery of the 
Fort For his gallantry on this occasion he attracted the atten- 
tion of Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott — by an offer of promotion and 
transfer to another important military post. He preferred, 
after successfully defending his adopted City, to return to 
private life, and devoted himself to the development of the 
patent tire brick with his brother, Mr. Thos. L. Berry, in the 
south-east part of the City, which proved eminently successful 
and profitable. He accumulated a large fortune, leaving .is his 
representatives, Gen. -John Summerfield Berry, and .John 
Hurst, the successful diy goods merchant and president of the 
National Exchange Bank. 

ELISHA RlGGS, for many years the head of the well known 
firm of BiggS, Peabody & Co„ on Baltimore street, near 
Hanover; afterwards Peabody, Biggs & Co., German Street 
The elder partner removed to New York, after aiding and estab- 
lishing the well known firm of Corcoran & EtiggS, of Washing- 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 85 

ton. He died, leaving a fortune of a million and a half of 
dollars. Mr. George Peabody, at one time his clerk, afterwards 
his partner, bad in the meantime removed to London, where, in 
his successful efforts to maintain and uphold the credit of 
Man land, lie laid the foundation of his own colossal fortune, 
a part of which, in his life-time, he devoted to the development 
of art and instruction for the benefit of the City of Balti- 
more, by the establishment of the magnificent institute, "The 
Peabody Institute," on Mount Vernon Place, which bears and 
will hand down down his name to generations yet unborn. 

Samuel Riggs the junior member of the firm died in early 
life, leaving a fortune of $300,000 dollars. 

Mrs. Ann Poultney, relict of the late Charles Poultney, 
and sister of Philip E. Thomas, remarkable for her culture, 
piety and refinement, also as a prominent member and speaker 
of the Society of Friends. 

Philip E. Thomas, founder, and for many years the Presi- 
dent of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, — the first oommex 
cial railroad undertaken in the United States. 

The Rev. Reuben T. Boyd, of this County, father of Col. 
T. H. S. Boyd, the publisher of this history, born July 3rd, 
179-4, on the old estate of the Boyd's, known as "Boyd's 
Delay," on Rock Creek, three miles cast of Rockville . He 
studied for the ministry, and was authorized to preach the 
Gospel in the Baltimore District of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, November 26th, 1825. His certificate being signed by 
Rev. Joseph Frye, President, James R. Williams, Secretary; 
renewed December :>0tli, 1826, signed Joseph Frye, President, 
and J. S. Reese, Secretary. For several years preceding and 
during this time a great reform was being agitated in the Meth- 
odist Episcopal Church, the object Of which was a change in 
the form of government, so as to admit of the representatives 
of Lay members in the councils of (he church. 

Mr. Boyd took an active and zealous stand in behalf of the 
projected reform, and was B constant contributor to the columns 
of a pamphlet published by William Stockton, father of the 
late Rev. Thos. H. Stockton, one of the most eminent pulpit 
orators-of his day, and Chaplain of the United States House of 
Representatives. This pamphlet was published in the interest 
of the reformers, and soon brought down on their devoted 



86 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

heads, the violent denunciation and abuse of the Bishops and 
Elders of the Church, which finally resulted in the expulsion of 
eleven Ministers for advocating the rights of the Laity. Reu- 
ben T. Boyd was the youngest of the eleven, and many amusing 
anecdotes are related of the Radicals, as they were called by 
their former associates. The controversy waxed warm, and 
shook the government of Methodism to its foundation. But the 
original eleven were not to be crushed ; imbued with the lire 
and spirit that animated their forefathers, they soon gathered 
around them a strong following, and banded themselves together 
under the name of the Associated Methodist Churches, and at 
the Maryland Annual Conference of Ordained Ministers aud Lay 
Delegates, held in Baltimore, April 5th, 1829, he was ordained 
for the office of Deacon, and authorized by the said Conference 
to administer the ordinance of Baptism; to assist the Elder in 
the administration of the Lord's Supper, to celebrate Marriage, 
and to preach and expound the Holy Scriptures, so long as his 
life and doctrine accord with the Gospel of our Lord Jesus 
Christ. Signed by Rev. Nicholas Snethen, President, and 
Luther J. Cox, Secretary. 

Their organization rapidly increased, when they gave it the 
name of the Methodist Protestant Church, and at their Mary- 
land Annual Conference of Ministers and Delegates, held in the 
City of Georgetown, District of Columbia, April the 8th, 1832, 
he was ordained for the office of Elder in the Methodist Pro- 
testant Church, and authorized by said Conference, so long as 
his lite and doctrine accord with the Holy Scriptures, to admin- 
ister the Lord's Supper, to Baptize, to celebrate Matrimony, 
and to feed the Hock of God, taking oversight, not as a Lord 
over God's heritage, but being an example to the flock. 

Signed by order and in behalf of the Maryland Annual Con- 
ference, Rev. Eli Heukle, President, James Hanson, Secretary. 
Mr. Heukle was the father of the present member of Congress 
from the Fifth Maryland District. 

Their Church membership rapidly spread, and new Confer- 
ences formed especially in the South and West. Feeling that 
hie sphere of usefulness would be enlarged by removing to the 
West, he was transferred to the Illinois Conference in 1838, and 
from there to the Ohio Conference in 1840, where he remained 
nine years. 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 87 

The following certificate recorded in the Court of Common 
Pleas tor Hamilton County, State of Ohio, and signed by Gen- 
eral Harrison, Clerk of the Court, and afterwards President of 
the United States, will be of interest, showing as it does that 
General Harrison, at the time of his election to the Presidency, 
was Clerk of the Court of Hamilton County, Ohio. 

"State of Ohio, Hamilton County, «§.; 
"Be it known, that on the 28th day of November, in the term 

of November, A. D. eighteen hundred and forty, of the Court 
of Common Pleas, within and for said County, Reuben T. Boyd 
produced to said Court satisfactory evidence and credentials of 
his being a regular ordained Minister of the Methodist Pro- 
testant Church, in the Ohio Annual Conference, and now officiat- 
ing as such on the Cincinnati Circuit. Whereupon the Court 
grant unto said Reuben T. Boyd, a License, authorizing him to 
solemnise Marriages throughout said State, agreeably to the 
requisitions of the Statute of said State, in such case made and 
provided, so long as he shall continue a regular Minister in 
said society or congregation. 

" By order of Court. 

"In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and 
aftixed the seal of said County at Cincinnati, this the 28th day 
of November, A. D. 1840. 

" Wm. H. Harrison, Clk. 
"J. J. Snider, Dep. v 

Endorsed on the back : 

" Recorded in the Marriage Records of Logan County, Ohio, 
on the 4th day of April, 1844. 

N. L. McColloch, Clerk. 

"Entered on the Records in the Clerk's office, Champaign 
County, March 28th, 1844. 

Samtjel H. Robbinson, Clerk. 

"Entered on the Records in the Clerk's office, Union County, 
April 24th, 1844. 

John Cassil, Clerk." 



88 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

He returned to the Maryland Conference in 1840, where he 
continued an active and efficient Minister, until 1851), when 
health failing - him, he was placed on the the superannuated roll of 
the Conference. After an active and continuous life of thirty-four 
years in the Ministry, be was compelled to seek rest, and where 
should he look for this haven but in his native County, where 
the scenes of early childhood would recall the happy memories 
of his youth. He bought property in Clarksburg, and removed 
his family in 1859, where he lived to enjoy the remaining days 
of his life in the happy enjoyment of a consciousness of a 
bright future beyond the grave. He died seated in his easy 
chair, surrounded by his books and papers, on the 15th of Feb- 
ruary, 18(55, in his seventy-second year. At peace with God 
and mankind, honored and respected by all, he left behind a 
record worthy of example. During his life he was a constant 
and voluminous writer, his publications in the Methodist 
Protestant and Western Recorder attracting universal attention. 

JOHN 0. Clark, the well known Merchant and Banker, was 
born in Clarksburg, and in early youth removed to Baltimore, 
and engaged in business with more than ordinary success. He 
was very unfortunate in the death of his children; of a family 
of nine, all of whom, with one exception, attained adult age, 
and several married — he had buried all sevtral years before 
his own death, which occurred in 1867, at the age of seventy-four. 
After providing well tor his grandchildren, all of whom are 
now living in Baltimore, or its vicinity — and making other 
bequests, he bequeathed property to the value of half a million 
of dollars to a Beneficiary Society, which, at his instance, had 
been incorporated in connection with Saint John's Methodist 
Protestant Church in Liberty street, Baltimore, which is to 
occupy a magnificent site on Madison avenue, near the Park. 

George R. Gaither, recently deceased, one of Baltimore's 
most opulent citizens, left a fortune of one million three hun- 
dred thousand dollars, consisting of large and handsome stoics 
and warehouses, on Baltimore, Hanover, German, Howard ami 
Charles streets, and handsome dwelling houses on Cathedral 
street. 

Israel H. P., and A. and R. R. Griffith, for many years 
flourished as successful Merchants of Baltimore. Upon the 
death of the first named, investments in stocks and bonds to 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 89 

the amount of four hundred and forty-five thousand dollars 
were found in a trunk under his bed. 

Thomas L. Reese, the father, and grandfather of the well 
known grocery firm, now doing business in Baltimore, was for 
a number of years a highly esteemed citizen of old Mont- 
gomery. 

In early life he was a clerk with the celebrated Johns Hop- 
kins, in the counting-room of their uncle Gerard T. Hopkins, 
and often has the great capitalist been heard to say, that when 
he came to Baltimore he had but five dollars in the world, but 
he had resolved to become a rich man. 

When about twenty-five years of age he married Mary, 
daughter of Thomas Moore — and lived for six or eight years 
in Brookeville, engaged in mercantile life, filling several offices 
of honor and trust, everywhere esteemed as a conscientious and 
upright man. 

From there he returned to Baltimore, and became a partner 
in the wholesale grocery firm of Gerard T. Hopkins & Co. 

In 1833 he opeued a retail store on Pratt street, desiring to 
educate his sons in all the details of the business, where he 
remained until 1814, when he retired from active life, but still 
by his daily counsel and advice, aiding his sons, who succeeded 
him, in building up the large business they are now doing.— In 
early life lie was often heard to say that he never desired to 
become a rich man, and although actively engaged for more 
than thirty years in mercantile lite, during which he reared and 
educated a large family, he died in moderate circumstances, 
but leaving to posterity a legacy more valuable than any 
amount of earthly riches, — a good name. 

Amoug other names worthy of being mentioned is that of 
William Uarne, of Mountain View, at the foot of the Sugar 
Loaf Mountain, who afterwards removed to Darnestown, where 
lie died. 

Mr. Dame was distinguished for his hospitality and urbanity 
of manners. He left a family of daughters equally distinguished 
for beauty, culture, ease and elegance of manner. One of 
whom married Capt. Smoot of the Navy; another, Capt. Lacy 
of the Army; another, Dr. Bell, a practising physician of the 
County. Mr. Darne several times represented the County in 
the State Legislature and as a director in the Chesapeake and 
7 



90 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

Ohio Canal. He also left one son^Mr. Alexander, Dame of the 
County. 

Eev. Thomas McCormick was born in Loudoun County, 
Virginia, in 1792, but came to Montgomery at the age of six to 
live with his uncle, Thomas Moore. In 1806 he went to Balti- 
more and learned the trade of house carpenter, and fifteen 
years afterwards built the house now owned by E. J. Hall, Esq., 
at Longwood, near Brookeville, which he afterwards purchased, 
aud where he resided for fifteen years in enjoyment of the pleasant 
surroundings. He is now nearly eighty-eight years of age. 

The late Thomas Moore lived in Brookeville, and was the 
inventor of the first refrigerator ever made, in which Thomas 
McCormick carried the first butter to market. It was patented 
in 1803, and at first was of small size, made for the purpose of 
carrying butter to market on horseback, as most of the market- 
ing was carried in those days. The refrigerator consisted of a 
cedar tub of oval form, and about eighteen or twenty inches 
deep, in this was placed a tin box, with the corners square, 
which would contain twenty-two prints of butter of one pound 
each, leaving space on each side, between the tin and wood, for 
ice in small lumps. The outside of t\e wooden box was covered 
with rabbit skin with the fur on, and over that was a covering 
of coarse woolen cloth. In this refrigerator the butter was 
carried on horseback to the market at Georgetown, a distance 
of twenty miles, in warm weather, hard and firm, and with ice 
enough left to give each purchaser a small lump. This butter 
commanded a much higher price than any other. 

Thomas Moore was a remarkable man. His father, Thomas 
Moore, an Irish Quaker, came to this country early in the last 
century, settled first in Pennsylvania, where he married, and 
afterwards removed i<> Loudoun County, Virginia, where he built 
a residence and called the place Waterford, after his native 
home. Here the son Thomas for a time carried on the business 
of a cabinet-maker, Which he had learned. He then engaged in 
milling and merchandising in connection with his brother-in- 
law, James McCormick. About the year 1791 he removed to 
Maryland, having married Mary Brooke, daughter of Roger 
Brooke, of Brooke drove, in Montgomery County. Here he 
commenced farming on the estate of his wife, and soon dis- 
tinguished himself as a practical farmer. 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 91 

The State of Maryland is greatly indebted to him for many 
improvements in agriculture. Although the land was poor 
when he took possession of it, he soon had the model farm of 
the County and State. This farm is now owned by E. J. Hall, 
Esq., former President of the Montgomery County Agricultural 
Society, who married a niece of Mary Moore. Persons came 
from long distances to see his farm and witness the deep plow- 
ing with the mammoth plow of his own invention, his fine stock 
of cattle in fields of red clover, his meadows of timothy, fine 
fields of corn, the ground yellow with pumpkins, and the large 
pen of small bone hogs, fattened on pumpkins, corn and slop, 
boiled in a wooden box. 

One of his distinguished visitors was Charles Carroll, son of 
Carroll of Carrollton, who came on purpose to see the farm 
and improvements. The proprietor being absent on that occa- 
sion, it devolved upon the twelve-year-old nephew to show the 
visitor around, which service was rewarded by the first silver 
dollar the farmer boy ever called his own. 

Thomas Moore, about this time, wrote a treatise on agricul- 
ture, and another on ice-houses and refrigerators, which proved 
of signal benefit to the State of his adoption. In the year 
1805, he was employed by the Corporation of Georgetown to 
construct the causeway from Mason's Island to the Virginia 
shore, for which he received twenty-four thousand dollars, and 
completed the work in less than one year. After this he was 
employed !>v the United States Government to lay out the great 
National Road to the West. During the war with Great Britain, 
from 1812 to 1816, he took charge of the Union Manufacturing 
Works, near EH icons' Mills, as chief manager. 

About this time he, in connection with his two brothers-in- 
law, Caleb Bently and Isaac Biggs, purchased the site and 
erected the cotton mills known as Triadelphia, .Montgomery 
County, Md. This was not a profitable investment, the war 
closing soon after the factory went into operation, lie was 
next called upon b\ the Board of Public Works of the State 
of Virginia to accept the position of Chief Engineer of the 
•Tames River Canal. He also served in the same capacity in 
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, where, after making consider- 
able progress, he contracted a fever so fatal to many on the 
Potomac, and came home to end his life with his family. From 



92 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

the year 1818 until his death he occupied, with much honor to 
himself and with great benefit to the public, and with the 
entire approbation of those to whom he was responsible, the 
office of principal Civil Engineer of the State of Virginia. On 
the 3rd of October, after a sickness of twelve days, aged 63 
years, he quietly departed this life like one falling into a quiet 
slumber. 

Roger Brooke, an immediate descendant of one of the 
first settlers of the colony of Maryland, was noted for wit and 
humor, and though a Quaker, he had, like Washington, a great 
fondness for his hounds and the fox chase; and was one of the 
best, most active and successful farmers of the County. Mr. 
"Francis P. Blair, in an agricultural address, characterized him 
as a second Franklin. 

Mr. Blair above alluded to, who so beautifully and elegantly 
established himself at his well known seat of Silver Springs, 
was attracted to the spot under singular circumstances. He 
had purchased a very fine saddle horse, Selim, of the late Gen. 
Wm. Lingan Gaither, another of Montgomery's representative 
men, who had repeatedly served his native County with credit 
and ability in both branches of the State Legislature. In tak- 
ing a ride with his daughter, beyond the limits of the District 
of Columbia and in the lower part of Montgomery County, 
Selim became frightened, threw his rider, and ran down among 
tli.' thick growth of pines in the valley to the west of the road. 
Mr. Blair followed and found the horse fast to a bush, which 
had caught the dangling reins of the bridle. Near the spot he 
spied a bold fountain bubbling up, the beautiful white sand 
sparkling in the water like specks of silver. Mr. Blair became 
so charmed with the spot and the spring, that he resolved at \ 
once if possible to possess it. He sought its owner, and soon a 
bargain was made at what then was considered a good price by 
the seller; but in the eyes of Mr. Blair as very cheap. This led 
to the proprietorship of the far-famed and classic scat of Silver 
Springs: where its venerable and distinguished ownefspent in 
elegant retirement the last twenty five years of his long and 
eventful life, and died peacefully, full of years and full of 
honors, at the advanced period of eighty-five. 

Robert Pottinger and Dr. William Bowie Magruder, 
father of the late most excellent and valuable citizen and physi- 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 93 

cian, Dr. Wm. B. Magruder, of Brookeville, were leading and 
prominent citizens of the County, in their day and generation. 
Major George Peter was a member of Congress for this 
District, and during life a prominent and active politician. He 
served in the Legislature of the State. He commanded an 
artillery company in the war of 1812, and had among his 
soldiers George Peabody, who subsequently became the great 
banker and philanthropist, and the late George R. Gaither of 
Baltimore, who then, with Mr. Peabody, resided in George- 
town, D. C. 

The two Drs. Duvall, father and son, were prominent and 
active in their professions, as politicians and representatives 
of the County in the State Legislature. 

The different State Inspectors of Tobacco, appointed from 
Montgomery County, were Richard H. Griffith, Philemon Grif- 
fith, John W. Darby, Francis Valdemar, Perry Etchison, Green- 
berry 8. Etchison, and the present popular Inspector, Robert 
S. Hilton. 

Robert Sellman, of Montgomery County, was, before the 
repeal of the law, appointed State Flour Inspector. He so 
actively and faithfully discharged the duties of the office, that 
after the repeal of the law, he was, and still is continued as 
private inspector at the request of the merchants of Baltimore. 
Thos. F. W. Vinson, well and favorably known to the citi- 
zens of Montgomery County, was a tine specimen of the gentle- 
men of the olden times. His pleasing manners at once pot his 
friends, as well as strangers, at perfect ease in his presence. 
He was for many years Sheriff of the County, and one of the 
Judges of the Orphans' Court. 

Mr. James Holland, grandfather of the present Thomas J. 
and Clagett Holland, was said strongly to resemble General 
Washington in his personal appearance. As an auctioneer, he 
was known far and near. A peculiarity of his habit was always 
to give ample notice to both seller and buyer. "Going, going, 
going, the last chance, owners and bidders look out. 11 —^ 

The principal manufacturing establishment in the County was 
Triadelphia Cotton Factory, founded in 1801), by three brothers- 
in-law, ISAAC Riggs, Thomas Moore and Caleb Bently. 

A Woolen Factory was established in the neighborhood about 
the same time by David Xlwlin, — all members of the Society 
of Friends. / 



CHAPTER XIV. 

Prominent Men — Continued. 

Hon. Geo. W. Hilton. Wm. Dame, of Mountain View. Prof. 
Benjamin Hallowell. Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. Edward 
Stabler. W. T. R. Saffell, Francis Cassott Clopper. Wil- 
liam Wilson. Leonidas Wilson. Hon. Thomas Lansdale. Dr. 
Richard Waters. John 8. Belt. Hon. h'ichard Waters, and 
others. 

Worthy of mention among the self-made men of the Counts- 
is the Hon. George W. Hilton, born in Laytonsville, October 
the 2d, 1823, and educated in Georgetown, District of Columbia. 
Soon after completing his education he commenced the teaching 
of school in the old mountain school house, in the third district, 
afterwards he taught school iu Clarksburg and Cracklin Dis- 
tricts. In 1847, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff and Collector, 
which position he occupied until he engaged in merchandising 
in Damascus, in 1S52, where he successfully continued for seven 
years, when he purchased property in Clarksburg and removed 
there in 1859. By energy and enterprise, combined with strict 
business integrity, he succeeded in establishing a large and profit- 
able business, which he conducted until 1872, when he turned 
his attention to agricultural pursuits. Having purchased four 
tracts of laud adjacent to the village of Clarksburg, lie set 
about renovating and improving them, by a liberal and judi- 
cious expenditure in lime and fertilizers, including grasses, he 
has succeeded in bringing then) up to a degree of fertility that 
is amply repaying him for his expenditure. 

Mr. Hilton's ability soon attracted the attention of the people, 
and he was called to the Legislature in L869, and served the 
people in the session of 1870 SO faithfully, that lie was re-elected 
for a second term in 1872, serving on the committees of cor- 
porations and printing with marked ability. With a keen per- 
ception for tiie details of measures that affected tin; interests of 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 95 

the County, he was ever foremost iii perfecting and pressing 
them to a favorable conclusion. He was ;tlso appointed by 
Gov. Carroll, in 1877, on the Board of Control and Review that 
had the revising of the tax assessments. Mr. Hilton finds 
ample opportunity for the display of his spirit of enterprise in 
the improvement and beautifying of bis lands and tenements, 
having erected several handsome dwellings in Clarksburg, that 
have added materially in promoting the attractions of the 
village. 

"Mountain View," the old home of William Darno, is a farm 
containing about 150 acres of laud, watered by Little Monocaey 
on the. north-east, and bounded on the south and south-west by 
the County roads leading from Barnesville to Maj. Hempston's 
Old Brick Mill. The lands of the Gotts and Plnmmers lie adja- 
cent at the south, those of Abraham S. Hayes and Z. (i. Harris 
on the east and south-east, and those of Colmore Offutt and 
Hanson Hays on the north. The proprietorship of some of 
these lands is now no doubt different Patrick McDade's old 
mill was located on Little Monocaey, about half a mile north of 
Mountain View. 

Prominent among those whose deeds have added lustre to the 
name and fame of the Friends' Society of Sandy Springs, and 
of Montgomery County, is that of Benjamin Hallowell, 
Philosopher, Philanthropist, Orator, Farmer and Teacher; 
gifted with an extraordinary variety of knowledge, prominent 
in the many fields of investigation, in which he excited his 
powerful energies, and prosecuting his researches with one ulti- 
mate aim, the happiness of his fellow-creatures. He was born 
in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, on the 17th of August, 
171)0, and came to Montgomery County, Maryland, in 181!>, as 
Mathematical teacher at the Boarding School at Fair Hill, 
which was established in that year. In isi'4, he established a 
school at Alexandria, Virginia, and received among his pupils, 
from all sections of the country, many who have since attained 
positioti and honor. The Rev. Mrs. R. T. Boyd, relict of the 
late Rev. R. T. Boyd, of this County, and mother of the pub- 
lisher, attended his courses of lectures in Alexandria, in the 
years 1834 and '35. Mr. Hallowell came to live upon his farm 
"Rockland," near Sandy Springs, in the summer of 1842, this 
was a poor tract of land, but by judicious draining, fertilizing 



96 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

and grass seeding, it was completely reclaimed, and with the 
buildings of the Eockland Seminary, which he established, now 
under the control of his son, Henry C. Hallowell, presents 
a beautiful and attractive appearance. In 1859, he was elected 
First President of the Maryland State Agricultural College. 
He was prominent in organizing the Farmers' Club of Sandy 
Springs, the first meeting of which was held at the residence of 
Richard T. Bently. He was a frequent lecturer before various 
associations on scientific and agricultural subjects. He was 
Professor of Chemistry in the Medical Department of Columbia 
College, Washington ; a member of the American Philosophical 
Society of Philadelphia, and one of the foremost in the Balti- 
more Yearly Meeting, to adopt plans for the improvement of the 
condition of the Indians on the Western borders. He died in 
1877, in the 78th year of his age, regretted and beloved by all 
that knew him. 

Among the many improved estates in the County, is Green- 
wood, the residence of Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. This 
place was purchased in 1755, by Ephraim Davis, the grand- 
father of the present owner, and by him transmitted to his son 
Thomas Davis, who during President Washington's administra- 
tion, raised a company and marched to Pennsylvania in 1794, 
to suppress the " Whiskey Insurrection." He was elected to the 
State Legislature while thus engaged, and frequently thereafter 
filled the same position, he was also elector of the Senate under 
the old Constitution, and occupied numerous positions in the 
County, from Magistrate, Surveyor and Conveyancer to Judge 
of the County Court. He died in 1833, honored and regretted 
by a huge circle of friends. 

Mr. Davis, the present proprietor of Greenwood, began a 
long career of public duties and usefulness very early in life, 
succeeding his father in the Hoard of Trustees of the Brookeville 
Academy, at the age of twenty-four. In 1840, he was elected 
a member of the Board of Public Works of the State, in which 
he exercised his influence in favor of the representation of the 
minority, and the abolition of political agencies in the manage- 
ment of public trusts. In 1850, he was elected to the State 
Constitutional Convention, and was made one of the first trus- 
tees of the State Agricultural College, and subsequently Presi- 
dent of the Board. At the same time, he was elected President 



HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 07 

of the Montgomery Manufacturing Company, of Triadelphia. 
He was also President of the Montgomery County Agricultural 
Association. 

In 1849, he obtained the charter for the Brookeville and Wash- 
ington Turnpike Company, was elected President, served six- 
teen years, completed the road and retired from the Company. 
In 1863, he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 186® was 
elected President of the Maryland -State Agricultural Society. 
In addition, he has taken an active interest in the works of 
internal improvement, of social and agricultural advancement, 
of national polity and other matters pertaining to the prosperity 
of the people of the County and State. 

One of the oldest settlers now living in the Couuty is 
Edward Stabler, who is eighty-five years of age. He has 
been Postmaster of Sandy Springs for fifty years, and is the 
oldest Postmaster in the United States. He was the originator 
of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of Montgomery County, 
which was organized in 1848 ; he was elected President, and 
still holds the office, enjoying the entire confidence of the Com- 
pany and community. 

The Hon. Allen Bowie Davis, in a speech at a meeting of the 
State Agricultural Society in 1876, said of this family, " That 
the farm — a part of which Mr. Asa Stabler occupies, was pur- 
chased about thirty years ago, by Caleb Stabler, father of Mr. . 
Stabler, Jr., — at $2.05 per acre, or .$820 for 400 acres. It was 
then without house or fencing. Mr. S. not having a plethoric 
purse, built a comfortable two story log house, with other neces- 
sary outhouses of the same, material, and called it Drayton. 
To Drayton he removed with his family, consisting of a wife, 
one daughter and four sons. He inclosed a garden, and planted 
a small orchard. His first crop of wheat was five bushels sown, 
from which he reaped two and a half bushels, — the first reward 
of his labor. Acting upon the maxim of an old Quaker pro- 
genitor — "if thee is kind to the land, it never will give thee an 
ungrateful return," — he persevered, and did obtain a grateful 
and bounteous reward. 

"Accepting an invitation to spend a night at Drayton, some 
years ago, I found the venerable patriarch and his no less ven- 
erable wife alone, and by them I was received with all the 
cordial but unostentatious and simple hospitality which it was 



98 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

possible for a host and hostess to lavish upon the most honored 
and distinguished guest. I soon learned from them that their 
daughter was married, and all of the sous grown up and settled 
out for themselves. After tea, a rap at the door announeed a 
visitor, and one by one the four sons and the son-in-law came 
in to inquire after the health of father and mother, ami to pay 
their respects to their guest, I learned also, that the 400 acres 
had been divided into six parts, and that each of the sons and 
son-in-law had built and was settled on his portion — the old 
folks retaining the homestead — and that each was near enough, 
after the labor of the day and after tea, to walk over to Dray- 
ton, to inquire after the well-being of their parents. I thought 
I never saw a brighter or happier family, or witnessed a more 
interesting or so instructive a scene. 

"Within a few days past I have again passed through the 
same original farm, now cut up and divided, as already stated. 
The venerable sire and his consort still survive; each of the 
sons and son-in-law are in genteel and comfortable houses, sur- 
rounded with well kept gardens and orchards, flowers, shrubs 
and ornamental trees and farm, — as Mr. Stabler can testify — 
yielding from 20 to 32 bushels of wheat per acre, with corres- 
ponding crops of corn, hay and straw, supplemented by all 
varieties of fruit, from the early strawberry to October peach 
and hard russet apple." 

Mr. W. T. ft. Sapfell, was born September 18th, 1818, two 
miles south of Barnesville, on a farm (.-ailed Knott's Place, 
where his father Lameok Saffell resided. He was baptised by 
Rev. Mr. Green, and first heard the Gospel preached by Rev. 
Basil Barry. His great uncle was Charles Saffell, a revolution- 
ary soldier and pensioner, who lived on a farm five miles north 
of Kockville, near Caithersburg, and died in 1837, at the age of 
ninety. At the beginning of the revolution, he lived with his 
father, a French musician, in Prince George's County. From 
that County he marched to Annapolis and joined the Regiment 
of the Maryland Flying (amp, under the command of General 
liezin Beall, and sailing to the head of Elk River, he marched 
north to New York in the company commanded by John Maw- 
kins Lowe. Charles was a drummer, lifer and bugler at the 
battles of Long Island, Fort Washington, Brandy wine, Cer- 
mantown and Monmouth. In his latter days he was an Auc- 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 99 

tioneer, and in that capacity visited all iiarts of the County. 
As a violinist, he amused himself in his feeble old age, and 
often reproduced the melodies of the Revolution in a peculiar 
style, now forever lost. 

Francis Cassott Clopper was born in Baltimore, July 
26th, 1786; began life in Philadelphia, and when only eighteen 
years of age Avas sent by his employers to New Orleans, to col- 
lect moneys due them there, and at intermediate points. The 
trip was made on horseback, through a wild frontier country, 
alone, or with such chance companions as he might meet upon 
the road. His mission was successful, and he brought back the 
money quilted in his vest; after which he made many more 
trips like it. 

On the 8th of July, 1811, he was married to Ann Jane Byrne, 
of Philadelphia, and in the following year he pnrchased the 
farm in Montgomery County, upon which he resided until his 
death, — the family having removed there in the same year, — 
making a continuous residence of fifty-seven years. 

The original grants of the tracts of lands, comprised in the 
purchase, date back to 1748, to the times of the Lords Proprie- 
tary, and formed part of their Manor of Cor ococheague, or, as 
one of them lias it, of " Calverton." The lands are described as 
lying upon "Sinicar" Creek, near the ford known as the ''Indian 
Ford;" and it is said that the old Indian road from Washington 
to Frederick crossed Seneca a, few yards above the present 
County road crossing. 

The land at one time belonged to the Benson family, but 
about 1804 was sold to Zaehariah McCubbin, from whom Mr. 
Clopper purchased it. Other tracts were boughtfrom other 
parties at a later date. The original foundation of the mill is 
not known. One was standing in 1812 upon the site of the 
present saw-mill. 

His public spirit was a prominent feature of Mr. Hopper's 
character, — always interested in some project for the advance- 
ment Of the County. 

The last twenty years of his lite were expended, almost 
entirely, in efforts to procure the construction of a railroad 
through the County. At one time in the organization of the 
original Metropolitan Railroad Company, and when that failed 
in the business depression of 1857, he called the attention of 



100 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

the President of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad to the advan- 
tages of the route to his company, and procured a recouoissance 
to be made, and a report, which later were followed up by the 
construction of the road. 

Mrs. Olopper died in 1805, after a married life of fifty-four 
years, and Mr. Clopper in 1808, — the desire of his life, to see 
the Metropolitan Eailroad completed, unsatisfied. 

William Wilson was born on the tract of land known as 
" Wilson's Inheritance," near the division line between Montgo- 
mery and Frederick Counties, on the left of the present road 
from Hyattstown to Barnesville. The tract is now owned by 
the Hershey family, John Sellman, and others. Jonathan Wil- 
son, the grandfather of William, became the owner of this 
tract over one hundred years ago, was a member of the State 
Legislature when the County was first formed. He was a man 
of powerful constitution and lived to be ninety-eight years old ; 
his death, at that age, resulting from accident. 

He was a man of much intelligence, energy of character, and 
influence. His only son, John, inherited the estate, and lived 
in the house now occupied by Mr. C. E. Hershey. He also lived 
to an advanced age, ninety-three. 

John had four sons, and a daughter who married Dr. Ma- 
gruder, and became the mother of the late Dr. William B. 
Magruder, near Brookeville, and of other children — ten in all — 
whose descendants are numerous and widely scattered. 

The eldest, John, lived and died on the paternal acres, a 
highly esteemed gentleman of the olden times, and a bachelor, 
lie died in 1849, aged eighty-nine. 

The second son, Thomas P., settled in Bockville, was for 
many years a prominent merchant there, and died at that place 
about the year L832. His descendants are now living in Fred- 
erick City and County. 

The fourth son, Charles, lived for many years in Medle\*s 
District, first as a merchant at Poolesville, then on a farm which 
he purchased, not far from the mouth of the Monocacy — the 
farm is now owned by the White family — and finally removed 
to the southern part of Kentucky, where he died. His descend- 
ants are to be found in Tennessee, Virginia, and Baltimore 
County of this State. 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 101 

The third, William, very early in life, engaged in merchan- 
dising in Clarksburg, and continued the business uninterrupt- 
edly at the same stand for about forty-five years — dying in 1859, 
at the age of eighty-three. He married the eldest daughter of 
John Clark, one of the oldest residents of the village, (which 
was named after him,) and to his business, on his death, he 
succeeded. 

Mr. Leonidas Wilson, his son, is still living, and resides in 
Clarksburg, and has accumulated a considerable fortune. 

The Hon. Thomas Lansdale was born in this County in 
1808. He was extensively engaged in mechanical operations 
for a number of years, and invented the first wood planing 
machine, and the metallic yoke for swing i )( .]] 8 . t,, ix4l', he 
became interested in the Triadelphia .Mills, remaining five years, .. 
when he took eharge of the Granite Factory at Ellicott'a Mills, 
where he remained ten years. He was the first to introduce 
steam into a factory for heating purposes. In 1866, he returned 
to Triadephia, and by his enterprise and energy succeeded in 
making it a thriving village containing four hundred inhabi- 
tants, with a large three story stone Cotton Factory, Saw, 
Plaster, Bone and Grist Mills, Stone and Mechanical Shops. 
He was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 
1861, and was elected to the Senate 1865. He died in 1878, 
universally respected by the large circle of operatives, business 
men and politicians, with whom he was associated, while he 
lived in the confidence and esteem of his friends and neighbors. 

John Thomas, who sixty years ago lived about six miles ' 
from Triadelphia, near Green's Bridge over the Patuxent, estab- 
lished an interesting industry for the collection of pine sap from 
the pine trees in the adjaceut forests. This was done by 
removing a small chip from the foot of the tree, near the root, 
the opening thus made would receive the falling sap, which was 
gathered in the morning, taken to Mr. Thomas, who paid ten 
cents an ounce for it; the revenue derived from this source was 
not sufficient to meet the expectations of the projector, and it 
was abandoned; and the ancient Sap Tappers of the Patuxent 
is a tradition of the past. 

Dr. Richard Waters, of revolutionary fame, was born 
about 1760, and served as a Surgeon in the war for indepen- 
dence, and was noted for his skill as a surgeon as well as a 









102 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

practising physician. After the close of the War, he purchased 
a large estate called "Spring Garden," on the road leading from 
Goshen to Gaithersburg, and the road from Mechanicsville to 
Clarksburg. Dr. Waters was born in Prince George's County, 
where he married Miss Margaret Smith, by whom he had sev- 
eral children. His son Richard was a prominent man in the 
County, and held the office of Sheriff, while his brother Som- 
erset was a prominent Commission Merchant of Baltimore, 
and served a long time as Tobacco Inspector. 

John S. Belt, a Justice of the Peace, of Clarksburg, mar- 
ried a granddaughter of Dr. Waters. Mr. Belt is a young and 
efficient Magistrate, and takes a lively interest in the improve- 
ment of the social, intellectual and agricultural advancement of 
the County. lie is Treasurer of the Clarksburg Literary Asso- 
ciation, of which he is an active and efficient member. He is 
also extensively engaged in the fertilizing business, and his farm 
gives ample evidence of the benefits derived from skilful culti- 
vation. He has recently planted an extensive orchard, contain- 
ing choice varieties of fruit. 

Hon. Bichard Waters, son of Dr. Bichard Waters, of 
revolutionary fame, was born December 19th, 1794, on the old 
homestead, "Spring Garden," and at an early age took an 
active interest in the politics of the Couuty. In his canvass for 
the legislative assembly, he found a great many young men who 
could neither read nor write, and, on investigation, he discov- 
ered that the money appropriated by the State for paying the 
tuition of those whose parents were unable to pay for the 
schooling of their children, was often used by the board of 
trustees, as they were called, in paying for children whose 
parents were aide to pay, but their political influence was such 
i enable them to divert the moneys intended for the instruc- 
tion of the poor, to the payment of the education of their own 
children. 

This led Mr. Waters to make a, spirited canvass of the ( 'ounty, 
and he w;is elected to the Legislature by an overwhelming 
majority. One of his first efforts in the legislative assembly 
was for a change in the old system of school education, and he 
succeeded in having a bill passed for Public School Education 
in the State of Man land, that resulted in tin abolishment of 
the old system and inaugurated a new era in the education of 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 103 

the people. It was the. initial movement, whieh has, by im- 
provement, resulted in the present School System. 

He was re-elected for a second term, and filled the position 
with honor, both to himself and his constituents. He is still 
living, and is about eighty-five years old. He has four sons and 
one daughter living. 

His son Lemuel is an eminent divine in the Missouri Confer- 
ence of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. 

William is the Agent of the Adams Express Company, in 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Somerset is a Physician of large practice in Carroll County, 
and has served in the Legislature several terms from that 
County. 

George still resides in the County, near the old ancestral 
acres, and has occupied several public offices of trust in the 
County. 

Rebecca, the daughter, married Jesse T. Higgins, of this 
County, formerly a prominent merchant of Poolesville. and now 
a merchant of Baltimore, 

The following names of citizens and families of the County 
are worthy of record, and of being handed down r«. posterity 
and honorable recollection, William Darne, Dr. S. N". C. White, 
William Pool, Abraham S. Hayes, William Bennett, Brook 
Jones, Joseph 1. Johnson, Nathan Hempston, ,buioJi_Xhdimlhi 
Horatio Trundle, llezekiah Trundle, Ri chard UaSfo -Twilliam 
Trail, Thos. C. Lannan, Eev. Thos. W. Green, Dr. Horatio 
Wilson, Rev. Basil Harry, the Fletchers, Dawsons, Platers, 
Whites, Waters, liarbvs, ^in£s, Gotts, Glaizes, Kings, 
Pnrdnms, Gaithers, Cues, Browns, Bensons, Brewers. Gassa- 
ways, Pooles, Xeills, Buttons, Biggs, Qwens, Gartrells. Perrys , 
BeaUs, Dorseys. : — 



CHAPTER XV. 

Boundaries of the County. Building Stone. Roofing Slate. 
Gold. Chronic. Quantity of Land and its Value. Number of 
Horses and other Cattle. Farm Productions for 1878. Intel- 
lectual, Social and Agricultural Institutions. Population from 
17!M) to 1870. Society of Friends. Improvements at the close 
of the Internecine War. Influence of the Metropolitan Bail- 
road. 

Montgomery County is bounded on the south-west by Vir- 
ginia, from which it is separated by the Potomac River. The' 
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal runs along the whole south-western 
boundary, following the banks of the Potomac River from 
Georgetown to the mouth of the Monocacy. On the north-west 
by Frederick County, being divided from it by a line running 
from the mouth of Monocacy to Parr's Spring, on the Patuxent 
River. On the north-east by Howard County, from which it is 
separated by the Patuxent River. On the south-east by Prince 
George's County, and south by the District of Columbia. 

A red sandstone is found on the Potomac, near Seneca Creek, 
and is known as the "Seneca Stone," and has been extensively 
used in the District of Columbia, — the Smithsonian Institution, 
in Washington, and many other buildings, both public and pri- 
vate, being built from these quarries. 

A blue stone, of a bright color, and in every respect equal to 
granite, is now being quarried on the Potomac River. The new 
Georgetown College? has been built from this stone, which can 
be cut and finished into any shape; and, as a building stone, 
for durability and beauty, lias no equal in this section <>r the 
country. It is also extensively used for foundation and paving 
purposes, giving universal satisfaction. 

Roofing slate is obtained in the vicinity of Hyattstown^nd 
is in extensive demand. 

Gold is found in sufficient quantities, near the Great Falls of 

the Potomac, to attract the attention of capitalists, who are 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 105 

organizing for the successful operation of the mines, with a 
favorable prospect of success. A manufacturing jeweler, and 
his son, of Washington, make weekly excursions to the locality, 
and in the small streams of water, pick up sufficient ore in a 
few hours, in small lumps, ranging in size from a marble to that 
of an i^g<x, which, upon smelting, will yield from eight to ten 
dollars worth of pure gold. 

Chrome is also to be found in considerable quantities in dif- 
ferent sections of the County. 

Montgomery County contains two hundred and forty-two 
thousand three hundred and fifty-six acres, as follows: Im- 
proved — one hundred and sixty-two thousand one hundred and 
forty-three acres. Woodland — sixty-three thousand six hundred 
and sixty-six acres. Other unimproved land — sixteen thousand 
five hundred and forty-seven acres. Present cash value: 
Farms — five millions four hundred and eighty thousand five 
hundred and seventy live dollars. Farming implements and 
machinery — three hundred thousand dollars. Annual amount 
of wages, including board — five hundred thousand dollars. 
Total amount of all farm productions, including improvements 
and additions to stock — two million dollars. Value of all live 
stock — one million of dollars. Number of horses — five thous- 
and three hundred and sixty-four. Mules — four bundled. 
Milch cows — five thousand two hundred and twelve. Oxen — 
six hundred. Other cattle — five thousand. Sheep — six thous- 
and nine hundred. Swine — fourteen thousand. Production of 
Wheat for the past year — three hundred and ten thousand 
bushels. Eye — thirty thousand. Corn — six hundred and forty 
thousand. Oats — one hundred and seventy-five thousand. 
Buckwheat — one thousand. Tobacco — six hundred and fifty 
thousand pounds. Wool — twenty thousand pounds. Pota- 
toes — two hundred thousand bushels. Butter — two hundred 
and ten thousand pounds. Hay — thirteen thousand tons. 
Honey — three thousand tour hundred and fifty pounds. 

Among the Institutions which have rendered Montgomery 
County conspicuous for intellectual culture, and social and agri- 
cultural progress, are the 

Montgomery County Agricultural Society, organ- 
ized in 1844. John C. Peter was the first President ; A. B. Davis, 

8 



106 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

second; Robert P. Dunlap, third; Joseph H. Bradley, fourth; 
Elisha J. Hall, fifth ; and John H. Gassaway, the present. 

The Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Montgomery 
County was chartered in 1848, with fifty thousand dollars 
worth of insurance. It has insured about nineteen million dol- 
lars worth of property during the thirty years of its existence r 
and has paid out for losses, by tire, over four hundred and fifty 
thousand dollars. They now hold policies of insurance on 
nearly fourteen million dollars worth of property; its operation 
extending to every County in the State. Eobert R. Moore lias 
served the Company as Secretary and Treasurer, from the 
beginning to the present time. 

The Rockville Mutual Building Association, the first 
institution of the kind in the County, Mas chartered in March, 
1873. 

Circulating Libraries are at Brookeville, Sandy Springs, 
Rockville, Poolesville and Darnestown. 

The Brookeville, Rockville and Darnestown Acad- 
emies, are long established Institutions; also, the Rockland 
Seminary, at Sandy Springs. 

The Montgomery County Branch of the Prisoners' Aid Society . 
The Farmers' Club, of Sandy Springs: the Enterprise Farm- 
ers' Club; the Montgomery Farmers' Club; the Sandy Springs 
Lyceum; the Horticultural Society; the Home Interest Society 
and Young Folks' Sociable, — allot Sandy Springs. 

The Sandy Springs Savings Bank was chartered in 1808, 
and lias over eighty thousand dollars on deposit, largely from 
the laboring class. There are twenty-six Directors, who are 
among the most prominent and responsible citizens of the 
County. The funds of the Institution have been so well man- 
aged, and invested, that the Hank, after paying all expenses, 
has annually paid to its depositors six per cent, on their 
deposits, reserving a surplus to meet contingencies. Caleb 
Stabler, President, B. Rush Roberts, Treasurer, aud Allen Far- 
quhar, Secretary. 

Conspicuous in the work of intellectual, social and agricul- 
tural organization and development, are the Grangers of the 
County. They have thriving Lodges at Bethesda, Barnesville, 
Brighton, Damascus, Darnestown, Qaithersburg, Great Falls, 
Olney, Hyattstown and Liberty Grove. 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 107 

The Clarksburg Literary Association, established in 
L879, 0. EL Murphy, President, William R. Windsor, Vice- 
President. John S. Belt, Treasurer, T. II. S. Boyd, Correspond- 
ing Secretary, and Thos. A. Burdette, Recording Secretary. 

Montgomery County lias witnessed three phases of civiliza- 
tion since the early settlements. 

First, were the old Tobacco Planters, with their baronial 
estates and armies of slaves. They felled the native forests, 
and planted the virgin soil in tobacco and Indian coin. This 
did very well so long as there was timber for the axe, and new 
land for the hoe; and these old lords of manors were happy; 
they feasted, and frolicked and fox hunted, and made the most 
of life; those days are known as -the good old times." 

In less than a century after this system of denuding and 
exhaustion began, there were no more forests to clear, and no 
more new land to till. Then succeeded the period of old fields, 
decaying worm fences, and mouldering homesteads. This sad 
condition of the County had reached its climax about the year 
1840, the population of the County having steadily diminished 
from 1790, when it was eighteen thousand, down to fifteen 
thousand, when it was at its minimum, in this year, as will be 
Been by examining the census of the County. 

Population of the County. 

WHITE. COLORED. TOTAL. 

1790 11,679 6,324 18,003 

LSOO 8,508. 6,550 15,058 

1810 0,731 8,240 17,980 

L820 9,082 7,318 1(1,400 

1830 12,103 7,7 13. , 19,816 

L840 8,766 0,090 15,456 

1850 0,435 0,425 15,S00 

1800 11,340 0,073 1.8,322 

1870 L3,128 7,434 2o,:>o;; 

From l7'.»o. there was a constant stream of emigration from the 

County, some going to the cotton fields of the South, but most 
to the fertile new lands of the Wpst, including Kentucky and 
Missouri, lew of the enterprising young men settled on their 
fathers" farms. \^ 






108 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

The laud would no longer yield an increase, and they made 
no attempt at renovating and improving the soil, and Mont- 
gomery lands became a synonym for poverty. The lands bor- 
dering the Rockville and Georgetown Turnpike, the then only 
paved road in the County, were with the exception of Robert 
Dick's, and one or two other farms, but a succession of unin- 
closed old fields. This was not universally the fact. The red 
lands of Medley's, and those around Brookeville, and in the 
Friends' Settlement at Sandy Springs, and on the Hawlings' 
River, with an occasional farm in other sections, had retained 
comparative fertility. 

This' emigration was not however in vain; it added strength 
and intelligence to the movement, which from the first settle- 
ment of the County, has ever been in progress from the Atlantic 
to the Pacific, and furnished representative men to other States. 

The Lamars of the South, who now have a representative in 
the United States Senate, and the grandfather of Thomas 
Benton, of Missouri, were from this County. 

The late Senators, Edwards, of Illinois, with Davis and 
Proctor Knott, of Kentucky, besides a host of others who 
have filled distinguished positions at the bar, on the bench, and 
in every representative capacity throughout the Western States, 
were natives of this County. 

The Society of Friends, in the vicinity of Sandy Springs, 
who formed their settlement in the course of the decade pre- 
ceding and following the middle of tbe eighteenth century, and 
who at every period of the history of the County have done so 
much to promote the material development and intellectual 
advancement of the County, first abandoned this destructive 
system of cultivation during the last quarter of the past century, 
induced thereto, by the change then made in the character of 
their labor. 

The same society about 1845, introduced in this County the 
old Chincha Island, Peruvian Guano, the effect of which was 
magical. As soon as the people became aware that by (he 
application of this new fertilizer to their old worn out lands, they 
could be made to produce remunerative crops of cereals and 
grasses; then they turned to their cultivation with the wonted 
energy of the race. This industry was greatly promoted by 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 109 

the Crimean war, which caused a material enhancement in the 
prices of all kinds of farm products. 

From this epoch the cereal growing period may be dated — 
old buildings were renovated and repaired, while new buildings, 
aud handsome residences, replete with modern improvements, 
took the place of the old tumble down, moss-covered, and 
worm-eaten cot of the past. New post and rail fences, with 
improved gates, replaced the old worm and picket fence, and 
the fields teemed with bountiful harvests. The decade from 
1850 to 1860, was one of universal prosperity to the people of 
the County. Towns and villages sprung up, stores were estab- 
lished at cross roads, while internal improvements were progress- 
ing in all parts of the County. 

Then came the dark spectre of Internecine War between the 
sections of the country, with its fair possessions filled with bit- 
ter dissensions and sectional differences, with all their blighting 
and devastating horrors. Again the young men sought the 
tented field, and the business of farming was, in many locali- 
ties, suspended. Houses and fences were destroyed, and farms 
laid waste, by the marching aud counter-marching of armies 
and the general ravages of war. Slavery was abolished during 
the war, and at its close the third era, or free labor period, was 
entered upon by the people. 

The young men returned to their homes, with muscles hard- 
ened and energies quickened by their martial experience. They 
accepted with cheerfulness the new order of things, and fully 
alive to the kindly properties of their native soil, and acquainted 
with the means of rendering it productive, went to work with a 
will, and since that time every vestige of that unfortunate 
Struggle has been effaced; and now, with a larger and increas- 
ing population, the people are making rapid strides towards an 
advanced state of enlightenment and material prosperity. Fine 
and imposing buildings are being erected, with beautiful lawns 
and gardens attached. Magnificent aud substantial churches 
have taken the place of the old log meeting-houses, and are 
more numerous and largely attended. School houses, of supe- 
rior construction, have greatly multiplied, and the school sys- 
tem more thorough aud efficient than any which preceded it. 
The roads have been increased and improved, while handsome 
and substantial bridges span the creeks and water-courses, 



110 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

facilitating travel and transportation. The old fields have all 
been reclaimed, and under improved fencing, are yielding hand 
some returns to their owners. 

The opening of the Metropolitan Railroad has exerted 
a marked influence upon the material improvement and pros- 
perity of the County. Over half a million of dollars annually 
has been expended by the people in the purchase of lime, bone, 
phosphates and other fertilizers of a like character, resulting in 
the production of from eighteen to fifty bushels of wheat, and 
from thirty to sixty bushels of corn to the acre, giving employ- 
ment to over thirty Mills, located on the various branches and 
streams in the County, several of which are Merchant Mills. 
Besides this, a large amount of grain is anually exported to 
Georgetown and Baltimore. 

Market gardening and fruit growing are becoming extensive 
industries, and can nowhere else be more successfully prose- 
cuted, the soil yielding abundantly, and of the best quality, all 
the vegetables and fruits common to a temperate climate. 

The cultivation of the grape for the manufacture of wine is 
also growing into quite a business, and cannot fail to eventually 
prove successful, as this County is the home of many varieties 
of the wild grape, and the native soil of the Catawba. These 
various industries combined with the energy and enterprise of 
the people, must soon place the County in the foremost rank of 
Agricultural progress. The local advantages of this County 
are numerous, especially is this so, as regards the numerous 
rivers, streams and creeks that traverse every portion of the 
County, affording ample facilities for water-power, which, 
in the future, will be sure to promote and accelerate the' march 
of improvement. The Great Falls on the Potomac is the 
largest available water-power in the world, and with its 
development and utilization for manufacturing purposes, can- 
not fail to eventuate in the growth of a considerable manufac- 
turing town at that point. 

The commercial importance of Baltimore, connected as it is 
with this County by the Baltimore and Ohio and Metropolitan 
Railroads, must exert .1 strong influence in the future progrei i 
and improvements of the County, being the great market from 
whence are drawn the supplies of Merchandise, Agricultural 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Ill 

Implements, Fertilizers, etc., demanded for the use and benefit 
of the County. 

But above all, the influence of the National Capital which 
over-shadows but to bless this favored section of the land, 
must, in the near future, make this County all that its most 
sanguine people could wish or hope. Already many per- 
sons of distinction and wealth, whose 1 business or inclination 
attracts them to Washington, are seeking sites for country villas 
or suburban residences. 



PRESENT OFFICERS OF THE COUNTY. 



Chief Judge Hon. Richard J. Bowie. 

. , T , i Hon. John W. Lynch, 

Associate Judges < __. _ xr _ T n ? 

J \ Hon. W. \ eirs Bouic. 

Cleric E. B. Prettyman. 

r Edward W. Owen, 

Judges of Orphans 1 Court 1 Dr. A. H. Sommers, 

L Samuel Darby. 

Register of Wills Robert W. Carter. 

/ 1st District, David Griffith, 

V 2nd " Joseph Henderson, 

Commissioners / 3rd " W. W. Poole, 

i Ath " John Saunders, 

yhth " Thos. Hardesty. 

Clerk Jos. A. Taney. 

Sherif John Ambrose Clements. 

Surveyor William Grady. 

r Samuel Jones, 

Board of School Commissioners < William T. Jones, 

C. Walter M. Talbot. 

Examiner and Treasurer Captain James Anderson. 

State Senate Hon. George Peter. 

r Hon. Montgomery Blair, 

Legislature < Hon. Howard Griffith, 

i Hon. William M. Canby. 

State's Attorney Spencer C. Jones. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

Apiculture — Peach Culture. 

Keeping and Propagation of Bees. Process of removing Honey, 
without destroying Bees. Principal Bee Raisers in the County. 
Peach Trees. Propagation of Trees. List of desirable varie- 
ties. 

The keeping and propagation of Bees in the County is 
assuming- considerable importance. It requires but small capi- 
tal and a very limited amount of muscular labor, while attended 
with little or no risk. 

Bee keeping has become a science, and those who patiently 
learn their ways, have no fear of being stung. Neither are 
whole swarms of these industrious little creatures destroyed in 
order to secure their treasures of sweetness. On the contrary, 
they have really become pets of those who take a loving care 
of them. 

To such perfection has the art of raising honey been brought, 
that, not a bee is sacrificed in taking away the honey, while the 
comb is even saved. 

By a new and very ingenious little machine, the fresh combs 
when taken from the hives are deftly unsealed, and the honey 
extracted from the comb on the principle of suction by air, and 
the comb perfectly uninjured is returned to the hive to be filled 
again in a few days by the same. bees. This boney is the purest 
known on the market, and is put up in sealed glasses, and 
is every day becoming a more staple article of food. 

The feeding and keeping of bees is very easily learned, and 
is sai<l by those engaged in it to be a most delightful employ- 
ment. Two hundred and fifty dollars will stock a yard of bees, 
that with proper care will yield yearly one thousand dollars. 

Mahlon T. Lewis, of Clarksburg, and Capt. V. P. Meigs, of 
Boyd's Station, are extensively engaged in their propagation. 

Capt MeigS purchased a handsome site at "Boyd's," and 
erected a magnificent residence, which was completed in L879. 
The design is very attractive, embracing both the French, 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 113 

English and Swiss styles of architecture, including the English 
basement, surmounted by a Swiss cottage roof with dormer 
windows; the building being heated by hot air, and illuminated 
by electricity. The grounds are beautifully laid out in the style 
of landscape gardening, containing all the varieties of fruits', 
including a vineyard, apiary and aviary. 



Owing to the destruction of Peach trees by insects on the 
Peninsula, the Peach like the Tobacco Plant, must continu- 
ally seek new land, since soil that has been planted in Peach 
trees, cannot be successfully replanted until it lias been allowed 
a rest of many years. This will eventuate in the transfer from 
the Eastern Shore of the Peach culture, to the uplands of 
Montgomery, Frederick and Washington Counties. 

The following extract from an article written expressly for 
the "Baltimore Sun," by Col. T. H. S. Boyd, describing the cul- 
ture of the Peach and the propagating the scions, by the system 
of hybridizing, and a description of the popular varieties now in 
use, will be of interest. 

"In the culture of the Peach the most approved method of 
propagating the 'scions' or young trees for the peach orchard 
is to procure the seed of the natural peach, as trees reared from 
it are better able to withstand the rigors of a hard winter, and 
and are much less liable to those diseases which, despite the 
best efforts of the grower, are always incidental to the system 
of 'hybridizing.' The seed are bedded in the early autumn, 
about six or eight inches below the surface of the ground, in a 
position exposed to the sun, so that by alternate freezing and 
thawing the hard resinous substance that holds the walls of the 
pit together, becomes softened and the kernel is easily ex- 
tracted. — About the fust of April, these kernels are planted in 
the nursery, about six inches apart, in rows four feci wide. 

"As soon as the scions shoot about six inches above the 
ground, they are cultivated with hoe and harrow, alter the same 
fashion as corn. In June, the largest and most thrifty scions 
are budded for transplanting from the nursery to the orchard 
in the tall. The others are budded in September for trans- 
planting in the spring. They are usually budded on the math 
side of the tree, in order r<> prevent the bad being killed by the 
heat of the sun. The bud is inserted into the scion by crucially 
incising the bark of the stock a few inches above the ground, 



114 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

turning back the corners of the bark, and setting into the 
aperture thus formed between the sap and the bark a bud 
selected from a healthy tree, of that variety of peach which it 
is desired to propagate. 

" This bud is secured in its place by turning back the bark 
and binding the incised parts with a tie of the inner bark of the 
basswood or a piece of common candlewick. In a week or ten 
days the nurseryman is able to determine what buds have 
become set or ; taken' and are incorporated with the stock. 
The binding is then removed and the scion thoroughly trimmed 
below where the bud has been set. 

"The scion is again trimmed in the spring, both above and 
below the bud, and about the first of June, the top is cut off at 
an angle of 45 degrees about an inch above the bud, which has 
now become the largest branch of the scioo. During the sum- 
mer it is kept cultivated and trimmed, and is ready for trans- 
planting to the orchard, the bud having united with the scion 
and the place where the scion was cut off no longer being 
noticeable. 

"The orchard is now plowed, harrowed and fertilized, and 
crossed out for the young trees, which are usually placed six- 
teen feet apart in the rows, running east and west, and twenty - 
four feet apart in the rows running north and south. 

"After the trees are planted they are well cultivated by plow- 
ing and harrowing, the furrows being thrown towards the roots 
of the trees, the operation being repeated every fortnight from 
April to August. The trees are carefully trimmed, and kept 
clear of broken twigs and branches, and as they advance 
in age are 'headed in' as it is termed, by lopping the large 
branches when new shoots form. 

"The trees bear in the fourth year. A first-rate orchard, well 
cultivated, will yield a profit of about $100 an acre, if the fruit 
is handled judiciously. 

"Out of the hundred or so varieties cultivated in the United 
States some nineteen or twenty are favored here. They are 
given below in the order of their ripening for market: 

"1. Tbe Beatrice, an ordinary and poorly flavored peach, only 
valued for its early maturity, starts the market about the mid- 
dle of July. 

"2. Hale's Early, a once quite popular peach, ripens about 
July 25th. 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 115 

"3. Hollis' Early, a small peach, ripening about August 1st, 
and valued for its capacity for transportation. 

"4. Walters' Early, or Mountain Rose, earliest of all varieties 
of red peach, beautiful in color and delicious in flavor, matures 
about August 5th. 

"5. Early York, superseded almost entirely by former, ripens 
about August 7th. 

"6. Crawford's Early, color a rich yellow with deep blush, 
regarded by many as the finest of all peaches, matures about 
August 10th. 

" 7. Mary's Choice, August 15th. 

"8, 9, 10 and 11. The Druid Hill, Harkins' Seedling, Old 
Mixou Free, and Stump the World, all ripen about the same 
time, August 17th or 18th. The Mixon was once regarded as 
the finest of all freestone peaches, and a standard of peach 
values. 

" 12. Crawford's Late, a rich yellow, the best of all canning 
peaches, except the late Heath Cling; matures about August 
20th. 

"13. Jaques, is a yellow, very large and delicious peach, 
ripening about the same time, as do also, 

"Hand 15. The Monmouth Melacaton and Susquehanna or 
Griffith, both large, rich, yellow fruit. 
"10. The Magnum Bonum follows. 

"17. The Late Heath Cling-stone, the most deliriously flavored 
of all the varieties, matures about September 12th. They are 
very abundant, and are all consumed for canning and preserving. 
"IS. Bear's Smock, is about the latest peach as yet success- 
fully cultivated in this region; but there is, 
"19. Solway's Late, which promises to do well. 
"When this last variety is harvested the peach season is 
ended, but the fruit growers are endeavoring to obtain other 
varieties to extend the season still further. There are several 
new varieties which give promise of success in this direction, 
notably Fisher's Favorite, Cameron's Late Yellow, and Levy's 
Yellow Cling, all remarkably line fruit, and, should they thrive, 
the peach season will no doubt be protracted till the middle or 
last. of October, about a month longer than heretofore. So if 
the Andrews' and Alexander Early are also successful, the 
season will be very notably extended.*' 



CHAPTER XVII. 

The Washington Grove Camp Ground. 

Incorporators. Objects. Location. Present and Past Officers. 
Cottages. Tents. Oumers. 

The Washington Grove Camp Meeting Association 
of the District of Columbia and Maryland, was chartered March 
30th, 1874, by the State Legislature, with F. Howard, Win. R. 
Woodward, J. T. Mitchell, B. H. Stinemetz, Th. Somerville, J. 
W. Wade, M. G. Emery, Alex. Asbley, R. H. Willett, W. M. 
Talbot, J. G. Warfield, E. F. Simpson, J. A. Ruff, Th. H. 
Langley, W. R. Hunt, Th. P. Morgan, Hy. T. Whalen, G. Th. 
Woodward, J. R. Riggles, W. H. Griffith, John Lanahan, G. 
G. Baker, B. Peyton Brown, T. H. Davis and J. Hy. Wilson, as 
incorporators. 

It is a stock association, with the capital stock fixed at 
$20,000, divided into 1000 shares at $20 per share. One share 
entitles the owner to the privilege of a tent site, and five shares 
to a cottage site. 

The land is held by a Board of Trustees, and its business is 
managed by an Executive Committee, who are elected annually. 

Its general purposes are for holding Camp Meetings and 
building np summer homes for a select community. 

Two surveys have been made, one for the tenting and the 
other for the cottage department; in the latter, the lots are 
50 x 150 feet. 

The tract consists of 268 acres, well wooded in white oak and 
chestnut timber, supplied with an abundance of the finest water 
in springs and wells, and some of it possessed of decided medici- 
nal properties. It is considered as healthy a location as any in 
the State. 

It is located on what is known as Parr's Ridge, a high point, 
over GOO feet above tide level, and on the line of the Metro- 



HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 117 

politan Railroad, 20i miles from Washington, and in a north-east 
direction from Gaithersburg. The railroad passes through the 
edge of the tract, and a broad and shaded avenue leads direct 
from the railroad station to the camping grounds. 

The first camp was held August 13th, 1873, and six camps 
have been held since to August, 1879. All the meetings were 
largely attended and satisfactory in results, more than four hun- 
dred and sixty-four persons having been converted at the 
different meetings. 

The officers have been — 

Dr. Flodoardo Howard President. 

W. R. Woodward Vice-President, 

F. P. Simpson Secretary. 

o . A. Ruff Treasurer. 

The present officers are — 

Thos. P. Morgan President, 

W. E. Woodward Vice-President. 

E. F. Simpson Secretary. 

B. H. Stinemetz Treasurer. 

Rev. B. Peyton Brown, the present Presiding Elder of the 
Washington District, has been and is one of the leading 
spirits in this enterprise. 

The Camping Grounds are laid out in an irregular seven 
sided "Circle," a plaza, from which as many avenues radiate, 
and all of these look direct into the plaza — which is 216 feet 
wide from North to South, and 179 feet from West to East, 
In the centre is a Tabernacle 48x70 feet, and the Camp is pro- 
vided with a dining court and other necessary structures. 

Attention having been attracted to the Cottage Tent, as a 
desirable form for camp purposes, a number have been built, 
mostly on the plaza — and are named in the order of their loca- 
tion . Rev. W. Burris, Thos. P. Morgan, E. F. Simpson, Alfred 
Wood, J. W. St. Clair, Henry C. Craig, Jr., L. W. Worthing- 
ton, J. W. Wade, Thos. Somerville, Geo. E. Hall, John Ireland, 
(of Annapolis,) H. W. Frankland, W. li. Woodward, R. Cohen, 
Jr. and It. H. Willett; on Second Avenue, Mrs. Kilgore, of the 



118 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

County; on Sixth Avenue, a Preachers' Lodge, and on Second 
Avenue extended a Keeper's house. 

Messrs. Willett Ov Morgan Mere the pioneers in cottage build- 
ing. 

On First Avenue, Mr. Wash. B. Williams lias a commodious 
furniture store and lodging house. 

Other improvements are contemplated that will make Wash- 
ington Grove a, most desirable and attractive spot. 

The organization is under the control of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church, but persons of all denominations unite with 
them, and are heartily welcome. 



DIRECTORY 



TOWNS, VILLAGES AND RESIDENTS 



OF 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY, Ml). 



B A K M KSV ILLE, 

One mile from the Station by that name on the Metropolitan Branch, 
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 73 miles from Baltimore, and 33 miles 
from Washington. Soil — poor, but susceptible of great improvement, 
Products, per acre— 15 bushels Wheat, 20 bushels Corn, 1500 [bs. To- 
bacco, one ton Hay. Four Churches — Methodist, Roman Catholic, Bap- 
tist, and Protestant Episcopal. Population, 175. 



Postmaster. 

Pyles, H. T. 
Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights. 

Miles, C. W. 

Miles, N, E. 
Carpenters and Undertakers. 

Hilton, W. T. 

Orme, A. s. 
Mem', 

Darby, 8., & Sons. 
Harris. B. G. 
Hays, R. P. 
Pyles, II. T. 
Hotels. 

Carr. W. H. 
Talbot, N. J. 

Mi/It i:\. 

Darliv, John W. 

Darby, R. R. 
Physic 

Bowlen, G. W. 

Wood. d. Vinton. 
Shoemaker. 

Nichols, Charl< 



Farmers. 



Bowman, Frederick 
Cooley, J.F. 
Coolev, Z. G. 
Darby, J. W. 
Harris, A. S. 
Harris, S. F. 
Hays. F. P. 
L. J. 
Hays, s. 8. 

bey, C. R. 
Hodges, William 
I i\\ man. Charles 
Lawman, James 
Linthicum, F. 
Lynch, John H. 
Pearre, .lame/. 
Poole, A. 

I, \\ . N. 
Sellman, L. L. 
Sellman, J. P. 
Sellman, Win. 0, 
Wade, W. W. 
Ward, Thomas II. 
White, R. G. 
White, W. B. 



120 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



BEALLSVILLE, 

Three miles from Barnesville,,on the Metropolitan Railroad, and three 
miles from Poolesville. Land under clean cultivation. Soil sandy, and 
producing good crops of Wheat, Com, and Hay. Churches and Schools. 
Store, Post Office, Wheelwright and Blacksmith Shop. Population, 50. 



Farmers. 

Beall, L. 

Brewer, W. G. 
Bolinger, W. 

Griffith, H. 
Griffith, Frank 



Griffith, P. 
Hemstone, A. T. 
Trail, Richard 
Veirs, J. M. 
Webster, George 
Whiting, 



BETHESDA, 

On the Frederick and Georgetown Pike, five miles from Georgetown, 
D. C, and three miles from Knowles' Station on the Metropolitan Rail- 
road. Soil fertile, selling from thirty dollars to one hundred and twenty- 
five dollars per acre. Products— Wheat, 25 to 50 bushels, Corn, 45 
bushels, Hay, two and one-half tons per acre. Presbyterian Church and 
Public School. Population, 25. 



Postmaster. 

Lester, R. C. 
Attorney at Law. 

Bradley, Joseph 

Kirby. Win. 

Loehte, "\\ m. 
Carpenter, 

Beckwith, Benedict 
ge Maker. 

Austin, James 
Merchandise. 

Lester, R. C. 

Irian. 

Davidson, James H. 
era. 

Anderson, J. Hopkins 

Bean, A. 11. and B. F. 

Bean, E. H. and Jas. M. 

Bohrer, .1. T. and John G. 

Bradley, Joseph 

Carroll. II. G. 

( 'ounselman, Wm. 

Davidson, James H. 

Davidson, John 

Dodge, J. H. 



Dunlap, George 
Gingel, James M. 
Gingel, Joseph 
Gleghorn, John 
Hudleston, Geo. and Wm. 
Jones, L. C. 
Keizer, Cyrus 
Keizer, Eli 
Kisner, C. 
Kisner, Henry 
Lawrence, David 
Lester, R. C. 
Offutt, H. L. 
Owens, Z. 
Powell, James 
Pyles, Henry 
Renshaw, llenry 
Renshaw, Thomas 
Renshaw, William 
Spates, Frank 
Spates, George 
Spates, Robert 
Tolbert, Theoj)hilus 
Wall is, Edwin 
Watkins, E. P. 
Watkins, S})encer 
Williams, John C. 
Williams, Lewis 
Willson, John N. 
Willson, Michael 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



121 



BOYD'S, 

On the Metropolitan Branch, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, seventy 
miles from Baltimore, and thirty miles from Washington, is one of the 
handsomest points on the Metropolitan Railroad, and is being rapidly 
improved. This is in a great measure due to Captain James A. Boyd 
and Messrs. Williams and Lewis. Captain Boyd has expended over one 
hundred thousand dollars in improvements in the past few years. Loca- 
tion very healthy, being rive hundred feet above the level, of the sea. 
Business, crops, and land good, with a clay soil, ranging in price from 
ten dollars to one hundred dollars per acre. Produces 15 to 35 bushels 
Wheat, 45 bushels Oats, 100 bushels Potatoes, 60 bushels Corn, and 1000 
pounds of Tobacco to the acre. Liberal inducements and well improved 
lands ; excellent water-power, suitable for extensive manufacturing pur- 
poses. Presbyterian Church, Rev. James S. Henderson, Pastor. White 
and Colored Public Schools. Population, 100. 



Postmaster. 

Williams, James E. 
Blacksmith. 

Howard, James 
Merchants. 

Williams & Lewis. 
Millers. 

Darby, John W. & Son. 

Davis, R. P. 

Waters, Dr. W. 
Dairies. 

Boyd, James A. 

Burdette, Basil 

Burdette, R. H. 
Farmers. 

Beall, J. H. 

Boyd, James A. 

Brewer, D. N. 



Burdette, Basil 
Burdette. R. H. 
Burdette, Wm. M. 
Carlin, John 
Carlin, John T. 
Dade, Alex. 
Dade, Robert 
Gott, Benj. C. 
Grant, Robert N. 
Knott, Frances 
Knott, John W. 
McAtee, James W. 
McAtee, John S. 
—Thompson, Baker 
White, Joseph C. 
White, R. T. 
Williams & Lewis. 
Pomologist. 

Meigs, F. P. 



BRIGHTON, 

Four miles East of Brookeville, near the Patuxent River, contains 
several Stores and Post Office, and is noted for the superior quality of 
Sweet Corn and Fruits. Land under fine tillage and very productive; 
rated at twenty to sixty dollars per acre. Population. L50. 



Merchants. 

Pierce, E. & Co. 
Fruit Packer. 

Stabler, Henry 



Inm/rance Agent. 

Hartshorne, Isaac 



9 



122 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



BROOKEVILLE 

Is forty-two miles from Baltimore, eighteen miles from Washington, and 
ten miles from Rockville; pleasantly located in one of the richest sec- 
tions of the County, and is quite a fashionable resort in the summer for 
health and pleasure seekers, — the restorative qualities of a strong Chaly- 
beate Spring in the vicinity attracting many persons anxious to try its 
efficacy. The lands are highly improved and under thorough cultiva- 
tion. Soil, red clay ; selling from fifteen to one hundred dollars per acre. 
The productions are large and increasing; business good. Churches — 
Methodist Protestant, Methodist Episcopal, and the Protestant Episco- 
pal Chapel. One Academy, Prof. Samuel H. Coleman, Principal. One 
Public School. Population, 250. 



Postmaster. 

Gattrell, R. W. 
Blacksmiths. 

Conner, James 

Jones, Wm. H. 

Kirby, Thomas 
Carpenter. 

Appleby, A. O. 
( 'crriaijes and Wagons. 

Baker, John M. 

Boswell, R. K. 

Miller, Wm. B. 

Merchants. 

Gattrell, R. W. 

Mobley, Wm. B. 

Parsley, John H. 
Harness. 

Bell, John W. 
Millers. 

Down, Wm. H. 

Weir & Bro. 
Physicians. 

Martin, .lames S. 

Riggs, Artemus 
Shoemakers. 

Parsley, George W. 

Whiteside, John 

Parsley, Margaret 



Watchmaker. 

Howard, Henry N. 
Farmers. 

Clark, John O. 

Davis, Hon. A. Bowie 

Ellicott, Samuel 

Gaither, Daniel H. 

Gaither, Ephraim 

Gaither, John W. 

Gaither, Thos. D. 

Gardiner, John W. 

Gattrell, Aaron 

Griffith, John 

Hall, E. J. 

Hallowed, James S. 

Higgins, 0. A. C. 

Holland, James T. 

Holland, Thos. J. 

Howard, Mrs. Annie N. 

Howard, Brice W. 

Hutton, Joseph W. 

Hutton, Rev. Orlando 

Jones, G. 

Magruder, Bowie 

Owen, Hon. E. W. 

Riggs. Thos. D. 

Riggs, Wm. C. 

Stabler, James 

Strain, Capt. J. W. 

Veitch, Fletcher R. 

Waters, Thos. D. 

Waters. Z. D. 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



123 



B1IRTOXSVILLE. 

Five and one half miles from Laurel. Soil, arable, and principally 
cleared ; land sells from fifteen to sixty dollars per acre. 20 to 30 bushels 
Wheat, 25 to 50 Corn, and Hay, two tons per acre. Liberty Grove Church, 
Pastor, Rev. J. Cook. Population, 50. 



Poxtmaster. 

Burton, R. A. 
Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights. 

Beall, Joseph 
Burton. R. A. 
Robey, Berry 

Carpenters. 

Beall, Joseph 
Homer, M. J. 
Mineburg, John 
Vincent, Plummer 

Merchant. 

Small, Bruce 
Miller. 

Bone, Allen 
Physician. 

Waters. Charles 
Farmers. 

Beall, John 

Beall, Josiah 

Beall, Nathan F. 

Beall, Thos. 

Bone, Allen 



Burton, George D. 
Burton, George II. 
Burton, Isaac 
Carr, A. B. 

Carr. 15. D. 
Carr. Caleb 
Crosedale, Howard 
Crosedale, John 
Crusen. Henry S. 
Harding, Samuel H. 
Hopkins. James H.' 
Iglehart, James L. 
Iglehart. Nathan 
.Marshall. James 
Miller, John 
Rich, Charles 
Rich, William 
Soper, James P. 
Soper, Joseph 
Thomas, Samuel 
Ward, Orem 
Waters, Charles 
\\ aters, J. 
Waters, T., Sr. 
Waters, T., of S. 
Waters, T. J. 



C 4 B I TX J O II N 

I at the crossing of the Aqueduct over Cabin John Creek. This crosses 
OH a single arch, the longest span in the world. A fashion i ; for 

»m Washington; the fishing for Bass in the Potomac 
being excellent. Hotel. Store and Post Offii 



CEDAR GROVE. 

Five miles from Gcrmantown. Land variable. Soil— clay, flint and 
rock : worth from ten to thirty dollars per acre. Wheat, 86 to 80 bushels ; 
(dm, 80 to in; Tobacco, 1600 pounds, and Hay, one ton per acre. Two 
Chorckes— Methodist Episcopal and Baptist. White and Colored 
Schools in vicinity. Population. 186. 



124 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 



Postmaster. 

Watkins, O. T. 
Blacksmiths. 

Majors, John T. 

Miles, George 
Carpenter. 

Waters, F. M. 
Merchandise. 

Watkins, O. T. 
Farmers. 

Appleby. Curtis 

Barber, G. E. 

Barber, H. 

Beall, G. N. 

Bowman, Asbury 

Burns, Sylvester 

Miles, Herbert 



Page, Horace 
Page, Washington 
Page, Z. W. 
Poole, W. H. 
Pugh, Samuel 
Purdum, J. R. 
Riggs, James 
Riggs, W. E. 
Sibley, Joseph 
Thompson, Wm. 
Watkins, B. F. 
Watkins, E. K. 
Watkins, James W. 
Watkins, L. L. 
Watkins, Noah 
Williams, J. F. 
Williams, Somerset 
AVilliams, Wm. 
Young, Richard 



CLARKSBURG. 

This picturesque village is located on the Washington and Frederick 
Turnpike, fifteen miles from Frederick, thirty miles from Washington, 
and four and one-half miles from Boyd's Station. The land in and 
around Clarksburg was originally granted to Henry Griffith in 1761, and 
known as the " Cow Pasture." The first house built in the village was 
by John G. Clark, whose daughter married William Wilson, the father of 
Leonidas Wilson, the present owner, who, for a long time, successfully 
conducted the business of merchandising. It is now occupied by Lewis 
& Williams. In the garden of Mr. Scholl, at the east end of the village, 
was first discovered the celebrated Catawba Grape, which has since 
gained such a world renowned reputation. It is now owned by the Hon. 
George W. Hilton, and is annually visited by numbers of Pomologists 
and curiosity seekers. Great improvement has been made in the land 
during the past few years by the aid of lime and fertilizers, and can be 
purchased from ten to sixty dollars per acre. Produces 20 to 30 bushels 
of Wheat, 30 to 50 of Corn, 35 of Oats, 100 of Potatoes, 1200 to 1500 
pounds of Tobacco, and two tons of Hay per acre. Two Churches, both 
Methodist Episcopal. White and Colored Public Schools. Odd Fel- 
lows' Hall. Literary Association. King's Distillery. Population, 250. 



Postmaster. 

Buxton, Wm. H. 
Blacksmiths and Wteelwrights. 

Anderson, C. T. 

Dronenberg, Wm. W. 

Leaman, R. A. 

Shaw, L. D. 
Justice of the Peace. 

Belt, John S. 



Oarpcriters. 

Leaman, John S. 

Woodward, CO. 
Hotel. 

Baker, John 
Merchants. 

Gibson, John H. 

Lewis & Williams. 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY CO I 



125 



(■0^ 



Physicians. 

Galloway, T. K. 

Thompson, R. H. 

Waters, Wm. A. 
Tax Collector. 

Neal, James B. 
Shoemaker. 

Hurley, John W. 
Publishers. 

Boyd, T. H. 8. & Co. 
Mills. 

King, Luther G. 
Distillery. 

King, L. G. 
Tobacco Inspector. 

Hilton, Robert S. 
Tailor. 

Housen, Lewis 
Farmers. 

Beall, Caleb 

Belt, John S. 

Boyd, Elizabeth 

Burns, J. W. 

Darby, Edward N. 

Darby, Nathan 

Day, James W. 



Dronenberg, Wm. J. 
Hilton, Hon. George W. 
Hoyle, Jos. H. C. 
Johnson, James T. 
Israel, George W. 
Kemp, James S. 
King, Charles M. 
King, Edward J. 
King, Rufus 
Layton, O. 8. 
Lewis, Edward 
Lewis, John A. 
Linthicum, Gassaway W. 
Miles, James H. 
Murpbey, C. R. 
Neal, James B. 
Purdum, Charles T. 
Purdum, James H. 
Rose, A. 
Rose, S. L. 
.'Summers, C. 
Summers, Z. 
Thompson, Samuel C. 
Waters, A. J. 
Waters, Edward H. 
Waters, Dr. Wm. A. 
Watkins, William, of A. 
Williams, Wm. 
Williams, Wm. L. 
Windsor, Wm. R. 



COLESTILLE, 

On the Ashton and Colesville Turnpike, eight miles from Silver Springs, 
and sixteen miles from Washington. Land under fair cultivation, and 
yielding good crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Potatoes, and Hay. Land 
worth from twenty-five to seventy-five dollars per acre. Churches, 
Schools, Mills, Stores, and Post Office. 



Magistral- . 

Baker, John T. 
Afi/r r. 

Zeigler, James H. 
Butcher. 

Hopkins, Samuel J. 
Farmers. 

Baker, John T. 



Bonifant, George 
Bradley, W. P. 
Canby, Wm. M. 
Fawcett, E. H. 
Fawcett, Benjamin 
Hopkins, Samuel J. 
Pilling, Frank A. 
Valdenar, William 
Walters, E. L. 



126 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



DAMASCUS, 

Seven miles from Mount Airy, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 
General products — Wheat, Corn, Tobacco, and Hay. Land undulating, 
selling from eight to twenty-five dollars per acre. Montgomery Chapel, 
(Methodist Protestant,) and Howard Chapel, (Methodist Episcopal.) 
Schools near. Population, 100. 



Postmaster. 

Smith, P. M., Jr. 
Blacksmith. 

Smith, James W. 
Carpenters and Undertakers. 

Edwards, Henry C. 

Mount, John R. 
Carriages and Wagons. 

Jacobs, Jonathan 

Ward, N. H. 
Merchants. 

Clagett, J. H. 

Engle, R. 

Etchison, Marcellus 

Hurley, R. A. 

Smith, P. M., Jr. 

Young & King. 
Harness. 

Burns, R. R. 
Physician. 

Lansdale, B. F. 



Shoemaker. 

Holland, S. B. 
Farmers. 

Bowman, Rezin H. 

Burdette, James W. 

Burdette, N. J. 

Burns, Jesse L. 

Day, Rev. Jackson 

"Duvall, M. 

Duvall, R. 

Glaze, Bazil T. 

Gue, L. C. 

Hilton, Thomas I. 

Hilton, Walter 

King, C. M. 

Mullinix, George W. 

Purdum, C. F. 

Scheckles, J. T. 
V Wariield, John 

Warfield, John E. 

Warthen, N. B. 

Watkins, Grafton 

Watkins, P. G. 



DARN£STOWN, 

Five miles from Germantown Station, Metropolitan Railroad. Land 
productive, and plenty for sale at from fifteen to eighty dollars per acre. 
Produces abundant crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Potatoes, Tobacco, and 
Hay. Presbyterian Church, Academy, and Public School. Popula- 
tion, 200. 



Postmaster. 

Windsor. ,1. S. 

Merchants. 

Griffith. Julian 
Windsor, Jam 

Millers. 

Darby, Upton 
Offutt, U. D. 



Farmers. 

Beall, Randolph 

Benton, James N. 
Broon, Duthorn 
Cross, J. 

Dawson, Nicholas 
Higdon, .John 
Higgins, Samuel 
Jones, Nathan 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



127 



Lewis, Thomas 
Magruder, Thomas 
Purdurn, James \Y. 
Rice, William 



Small, John 
Thompson, Martin 
Vincent, Barley 
Vincent, Charles 



DAWSONVILLE, 

Four and a half miles from Boyd's Station. Sandy soil, and land prin- 
cipally cleared and valued at from thirty to eighty dollars per acre. 
Produces large crops of Wheat. Corn, Oats, Potatoes, and Tobacco. A 
Baptist Church and Public School. Population, 75. 



Postmaster. 

Allnutt, H. C. 
Blacksmith. 

Stang, F. 0. 
Merchandise. 

Allnutt, H. C. 
Physician. 

* White, N. S. 
Shoemaker. t 

Crown, Wm. 
Farmers. 

Allnutt, Benjamin. 

Allnutt, Berroni /'-' 

Allnutt, James N. 



Allnutt, Nathan W. 
, Byrd, -John 
Darby, Thomas 
Dawson, Americus 
Dawson, Fred. A. 
Dawson, James M. 
Dawson, Randolph 
Dyson, Benjamin 
Dyson, Joseph 
Dyson, Samuel 
Jones, Thomas 
Pyles, B. Frank 
Pyles, Edward 
Rawlings, Joshua 
Rawlings, Thomas 
Vincent, Napoleon 



Thirty-six miles on the Metropolitan Branch, Baltimore and Ohio Rail- 
road. Land well cleared and clay soil; valued at from thirty to fifty 
dollars per acre. Under good cultivation, and yielding 35 bushels of 
Wheat, 40 of Corn, 1000 pounds of Tobacco, and two tons of Hay to the 
acre. Churches and Schools in the immediate vicinity. Population, 100. 



Postmaster. 

Dickerson, W. H. 
Dairies. 

Bowie, Rufus A. 

Holland, J. W. 
Merchant*. 

Dickerson, W. H. 

Leapley, J. N. 
Physic ii 1 7/. 

Hilton, L. J. W. 



Milh 

Etozzell, James 
Webster, George 
Willing, Ambrose. 

Farirnrx. 

Andrews, Jefferson 
Appleby, N. H. 
Belt, McGill 
Belt, Richard 
Brail, Wm. 
Brail, Rufus 



128 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



Carslisle, James 
Carson. David 
Cheswell, E. 
Dickerson, N. C. 
Diggins, Daniel 
Gott, J. S. 
Harris, Abraham 
Harris, Solomon T. 
Hays, G. R. 
Heffener, John 
Hempstone, A. T. 
Hempstone, S. H. 
Jones, J. A. 
Jones, J. L. T. 
Jones, J. T. 
Jones, Leo 
Luhn, Chris. 
Moxley, Thomas 
Moxley, Wm. 



Oden, George W. 
Price, John T. 
Price, Wm. 
Ramhouse, Sydney 
Riely, Otho 
Scholl, Henry 
Bellman, F. O. 
Sellman, Howard 
Silence, John 
Titus, Bun- 
Trundle, Horatio 
Trundle, James O. 
White, Frank 
White, R. G. 
White, L. A. 
Whitehouse, M. O. 
Yarkund, Hildi 
Zerknitz, Hans 



EDWARDS' FERRY, 

On the Potomac River, between Sycamore Landing and Ball's Bluffs, 
contains Store, Warehouse and Post Office. 



Postmaster. 

Spates, George W. 

Farmers. 

Collier, Thomas R. 



Elgin, James 
Jarboe, E. E. 
Poole, N. D. 
Spates, George W. 
White, E. V. 



FAIRLAND, 

Three miles East of Colesville, on the Columbia Road. St. Mark's Me- 
morial Episcopal Church, School House and Store. Population, 50. 



Postmaster. 

Soaper, Burton T. 
Farmers. 

Barrett, Benjamin 

Beck with, B. 

Beckwith, E. 

Brian, John M. 

Culver, J. H. 



Conley, Thomas T. 
Mankin, J. D. 
Marlow, Benj. H. 
Marlow, Julius 
Mitchell, Daniel 
Pilling, Alice 
Roby, Edgar 
Soaper, Joseph 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 



129 



FOUR CORNERS, 

Two miles from Silver Springs. Land productive and worth from twenty 
to fifty dollars per acre. Wheat, Corn, and Hay are the staple produc- 
tions. Methodist Episcopal Church (South), and Public School Popu- 
lation, 125. ■ 



Postmaster. 

Grimes, Robert 
Blacksmith. 

Taylor, B. 
Carpenters. 

Berry, John 

Chrismond, Robert 
aolds, Gassaway 
Merchandise. 

Manakee, Wm. E. 
Millers. 

Bond, James H. 

Bond, James L. 
Shoemakers. 

Grimes, Robert 

Lancaster, John W. 
Farmers. 

Adams, C. 

Barnes, Henry A. 

Barnes, William 

Bayley, Stephen 

Beall, George N. 

Boarmau, Robert 

Bowie, Henry 

Cadle, William 

Chrismond, Robert 



Clark, Bailey 
Clark, E. 
Clark, Henry 
Clark, James 
k, Levin 
Clark, Oliver 
Ch rk, 0. H. P. 
Clark, William 
Fee, William 
Fee, William, Jr. 
Gittings, "William, Sr. 
Grimes, William M. 
Hardesty, Thomas G. 
Hopkins, Joseph 
Jackson, Jasper M. 
Joy, Columbus 
Lindsay. Opie H. 
Mackmahon, Michael 
Moran, Andrew 
Ogdon, Leonard 
i >gdon, Win. J. 
Olin, Hon. A. B. 
Owings, James 
Parker, James 
Patten, L. P. 
Reed, William 
Shaw, Charles H. 
Vermillion, John H. 



GAITHKRSBVRG, 

Twenty-one miles from Washington, on the Metropolitan Branch, Balti- 
more and Ohio Railroad. This place was incorporated by the last Leg- 
islature and is rapidly improving. The land principally is in a fine state 
of cultivation, and is valued in price from fifteen to one hundred dollars 
per acre, and produces 40 to 50 bushels of Wheat, 60 of Corn, two tons 
of Hay. and 1 500 pounds of Tobacco to the acre. Two Churches— Meth- 
odist Episcopal, South, and Roman Catholic. Town Hall and Public 
School. Population, 20"\ 



Postntu 

Ward, U.r. 



Agent Railroad. 
Poole, S. 



J 30 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



Blacksmiths. 

Duvall, C. P. 

Easton, Giles 

Gloyd, Samuel 
Car] tenters. 

Beckwith, Greenbury 

Beckwith, Waters 
Men-hants. 

Belt, John H. 

Owen, T. J. 

Ward & Fulks. 
Millers. 

Lemon, George 

Trail, Burton 

Watkins, Levi 
Physician. 

Etchison, E. E. 
Shoemaker. 

Cooms, William 
Farmers. 

Briggs, Gideon 

Briggs, James M. N. 

Briggs, John 

Briggs, Robert 

Briggs, Samuel 

Briggs, Thomas 

Calvin, Timothy 

Chandle, J. W. 

Clagette, James H. 

Clagette, John H. 

Clements, Lemuel 

Clopper, D. 

Codwise, B. R. 



Cook, Nathan 
Cook, Wm. H. 
Cooke, Mrs. E. 
Cooke, Wm. J. 
Crown, H. L. 
Day, Jacob 
Day, Washington 
Dessellum, John T. 
Diamond, J. B. 
Diamond, Mrs. S. J. 
Dorsey, R. G. 
Fulks, Wm. R. 
Gaither, James B. 
Gaither, W. R. 
Hutton, W. R. 
Jones, L. C. 
Meesne, C. G. 
Meesi-ie, O. C. 
Mills, Richard 
Reed, William 
Ricketts, Isaac 
Selby, Allen 
Selby, John T. 
Small, John 
Suter, Thomas R. 
Thompson, F. H. 
Thompson, John 
Thompson, Joseph 
Tscheffely, F. H. 
Wade, John W. 
Wade, William 
Walker, G. E. 
Walker, J. W. 
Walker, N. J. 
Whalen, Martin 
Woodward, R. 



GERMAN TOWN, 

Twenty-seven miles from Washington, on the Metropolitan Branch, Bal- 
timore ami Ohio Railroad. Good land and excellent water; valued at 
from ten to fifty dollars per acre. The soil is kind, yielding productive- 
ly of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Potatoes, Tobacco, and Hay. 

The village is located about one mile from the Station ; contains two 
Churches — Methodist Episcopal and Baptist, and Public School. Quite 
an extensive business is carried on at the Station in Fertilizers and Agri- 
cultural Implements ; also, in the Manufacture of Carriages, Buggies, 
&c. Population, 100. 



Postmaster. 

Thomas N. Henderson. 



Agent. 

Gassaway, John II. 



DIRECTOR'S OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



13J 



Harness, &c. 

Nicholls. John H. 
Merchants. 

Gassaway, John H. 

Harris, R. E. 

Henderson, Thomas N. 

Waters, Horace D. 

Shoe and Boot Maker. 

Carlin, Thomas 
Farmers. 

Bennett, R. H. 

Benson, John T. 

Benson, Wm. II. 



Gassaway, John H. 
Gloyd, Eden 
Henderson, Joseph 
Laurer, J. A. 
Leaman, Christian 
Musser, William 
Page, Nathan 
Pumphreys, Henry 
Reichter, John C. 
Snyder, Jacob F. 
Snyder, John 
Waters. Horace 
Waters, William 
Williams, Henry 
Williams, Samuel 



GOSHEN, 

Five miles from Gaithersburg. Land in fine cultivation. Soil — clay, 
mixed with loam, and valued at from twenty to fifty dollars per acre. 
Produces 30 bushels of Wheat, 50 of Corn, 1000 pounds of Tobacco, and 
two tons of Hay per acre. One Church — Methodist Episcopal. South 
Public School, two Mills, &c. Population, 50. 



Postmaster. 

Martin, A. R. 
Blacksmith. 

Hogan. 0. F. 
Merchandise. 

Martin, A. R. 
Millers. 

Davis, J. S. 

Lewis, J. W. 
Farmers. 

Benson, J. E. 

Blunt, W. W. 

Bowman, Uriah G. 

Dorsey, R. G. 

Green, Richard 

Higgins, James 

Higgins, Thornac 

Jones, Richard W. 



Jones, Somerset O. 
La Mar, J. C. 
Magrudar, H. R. 
Magruder, J. S. 
Magruder, Wm. M. 
Magruder, Z. M. 
McMahan, E. 
Merriweather, A. G. 
Miller, Washington 
Reed, William 
Riggs, George 
Riggs, Harry 
Riggs, R. D. 
Stewart, A. G. 
Thompson, J. H. 
Thompson, J. C. 
Thompson, Wm.. of 0. 
Waters, J. McC. 
Waters, W. D. 



ii K E A T F A L I, S , 

On the Potomac River. The Government Dam and Wati r Works are 
located here for supplying the District of Columbia. This is the largest 
available water-power in the world, and its development and utilization 



132 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



for manufacturing purposes, cannot fail to eventuate in the growth of a 
considerable town at this point. 

The Great Falls Ice Companies' Warehouses are also located here. 

Hotel, Store and Post Office. Population, 150. 



HYATTSTOWJf. 

Eight miles from Boyd's, on Bennett's Creek. Soil — clay, mixed with 
slate. Land undulating, back to the foot of Sugar Loaf Mountain; is 
principally cleared and under good cultivation, and worth from eight to 
fifty dollars per acre. Producing of Wheat, 25 bushels; Corn, 50, Oats, 
40; Potatoes, 100; Tobacco, 1000 pounds, and Hay, two tons per acre. 
Three Churches — Methodist Episcopal and Methodist Episcopal, South, 
and Christian. White and Colored Public Schools. Population, 150. 



Postmaster. 

Smith, J. R. 
Blacksmiths. 

Dutrow, Jacob W. 

Dutrow, O. W. \ 

Carpenters and Undertakers* 

Dutrow, P. C. 

Gardner & Son. 

Smith, J. R. 
Carriages and Buggies. 

Brengle, J. H. 
Merchants. 

Dutrow, D. W. 

Welsh, Wellington 
Miller. 

Darby, George A. 
Physic ni a. 

Zeigler, A. H. 
Saddles and Hamesa. 

Burdett, John E. 
Shoemaker. 

Grimes, George 
Tailor. 

Davis, William 
Farmers. 

Anderson, Mrs. Ellen 



Browning, Charles T. 
Cecil, Otho P. 
Dixon, John 
Harris, Z. G. 
Johnson. Samuel 
Keith, C. 

Lawson, James W. 
Layton, C. F. & Bro. 
Leather, E. 
Lewis, J. R. 
Lewis, William B. 
McLane, Anion 
McLane, Joshua 
Price, Charles 
Price, George 
Price, Levi 
Price, Thomas, of E. 
Price, Thomas H. 
Simmons, Samuel T. 
Tabler, Andrew J. 
Tabler, George F. 
Tabler, J. L. 
Tabler, John H. 
Warlield, H. G. 
Watkins, Luther 
Welsh, Asa .H. 
Windsor, Z. L. 
Wolfe, Jesse H. 
Zeigler, D. 



HDfTHG HILL, 

Five miles West of Rockville, on the Poolesville road, and three miles 
South of Gaithersburg. Land improving, and yielding fair crops k of 
Wheat, Corn, Potatoes, and Hay. An important feature is the Chrome 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



133 



Pits in the vicinity. Store, Wheelwright and Blacksmith Shop, and 
Post Office. 



KNO WLE8', 

Eleven miles from Washington, on the Metropolitan Branch, Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad. Land variable; valued at from forty to eighty dol- 
lars per acre. Yielding 30 to 40 bushels of Wheat, 50 to GO of Corn, and 
two tons of Hay. Churches and Schools in immediate vicinity. Popu- 
lation, 75. 



Postmaster. 

Corrick, Joshua 

Blacksmith. 

Mulican, George 

Bricklayers and Plasterers. 
Lincoln, William 
Rhoe, William 

Carpenters. 

Blackwith, W. T. 
Blake, George 
Duvall, George 
Welch, Patrick 

MercJmndise. 

Fawcett, F. M. 



Farmers. 



Baker, Nelson 
Brown, D. W. 
Brown, M. J. 
Clemens, John 
Duvall, Charles 
Duvall, James 
Hiffiner, John 
Knowles, George 
Manakee, William 
McDermott, John 
McDermott, Patrick 
Mulican, R. 
Perry, Humphrey 
Wilson, George 



LAYTOJfSVILLE, 

Seven miles from Gaithersburg. Land under fair cultivation; mostly 
cleared, and rated at from ten to fifty dollars per acre. Produces 30 
bushels of Wheat, 25 to 40 of Oats, 150 of Potatoes, 50 to 100 of Corn, 
1200 pounds of Tobacco per acre. One Church — Methodist Episcopal. 
Two Public Schools. Population, 100. 



Postmaster. 

Bell, F. L. 
Blacksmiths and W heehcrights. 

Sittings, John T. 

Parsley, Thomas 

Wicks & Kimble. 
Carpenters and Undertakers. 

Easton, S. H. 

Houck, E. H. 
Harness Maker. 

Myers, E. F. 
Merchants. 

Kenny, W. H. H. 

Mobley, George W. 



Physician. 

Crawford, B. B. 
Shoemaker. 

Snyder, J. P. 
Tailor. 

Sellman, John .\, 

Farmers. 

Allnutt, J. B. 
Allnutt, John 
Allnutt. John T. 
Allnutt, William 
Avton, E. B. 
Bell, F. L. 
Bell, James T. 



134 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



Bell, Silence 
Bowman, George W. 
Brown, Edward 
Clagett, James W. 
Clagett, Mrs. M. A. 
Crawford, C. A. 
Darby, W. A. 
Dorsey, Thomas W. 
Fish, Benjamin R. 
Gattrel, G. 
Griffith, C. H. 
Griffith, U. 
Griffith, U. H. 
Griffith, Wm. R. 
Hawkins, Win. 
King. S. 
Nelson. <). 



Plummer, Richard 
Plummet, Robert 
Pope, C. A. 
Pope, James M. 
Pugh, David L. 
Ray, Nicholas 
Riggs, Reuben 
Biggs, Samuel, of G. 
Riggs, Samuel, of S. 
Stewart, Albert 
Thompson, T. 
Ward, J. 
Wartield, J. G. 
Warfield, John T. 
Waters, George T. 
Watkins & Clagett 
Williams. James 



MARTINSBIRG, 

Eight miles from Barnesville, on the road (two miles) from White's 
Perry, on the Potomac River. Land fertile, with a good clay soil; gen- 
erally cleared, and commands from twenty to fifty dollars per acre. 
Yielding fine crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, and Hay. Churches and 
Public Schools convenient. Population, 75. 



Post master. 

Reed, James W. 
Blacksmiths. 

MeKenzie, T. 

Peters, John 
Merchants. 

Phillips Brothers. 

Reed& Trundle. 

Mill' 

Devilbiss, J. A. 
Welle r. Frank 

Shoemaker. 

Thomas, C. W.. 
Farmers. 

Boteler, A. J. 



Cowley, R. T. 
Hickman, James B. 
Jones, William T. 
Jonc, John L. T. 
Mercer, W. E. 
Mosburg, George 
Mosburg, P. K. 
Oxley, Edgar F. 
Ozley, Thomas 
Pool, B. R, 
Reed, J< .n 
Remsburg, D. F. 
Remsburg, William 
Skinner. James 
Bmoot, It. W. 
StallingB, Richard 
Stephenson. John 
Veirs. William P. 



niDDLEBROOK, 

Two miles West of the intersection of the Frederick Turnpike and Big 
va. uine miles West Of Rockville, and four miles East of (Marks- 
Land, medium; can be purchased at from ten to twenty dollars 
per acre. Yielding One crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Hay, Potatoes, and 
Tobacco. Churches and Schools near. Population, 80. 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



135 



Pnut master. 

Clements, George II. 

Blacksmdth. 

Smith, Peter 

Easton, William 
Trail, Thomas 

// Merchandise. 
Clements, George H. 

Millers. 

Buxton, Leonard 
Wat kins, L. L, 



Farmers. 

Benson, J. N, 
Benson, Johnson 

Benson, Thomas E. 
Case, John 
Case, Zadoc 
Crawford, H. 
Gloyd. James 
Rabbitt, .Tames O. 
Ray, D. A. 
Ricketts, A. P. 
Trail, James 0. 
Trail, R. 
Ward, T. G. 
Ward, W. E. 



MOXOC1CY, 

On the Monocacy River, near the crossing of the Metropolitan Railroad. 
Land productive, and ranging from ten to twenty dollars per acre. Pro- 
ducing good crops of Wheat and Corn. Mills, Churches, and Public 
Schools convenient. Population, 20. 



Postmaster. 

Bellman, Frederick 
General Merchandise. 

Sellman, Frederick 
Physician. 

Hellen, 



Bouic, Rufus A. 

Ilea 11, William A. 
Bays, George R. 
Bellman, Frederick 



MONTROSE, 

Is one-half mile from Randolph. The soil, red cja 3 : valued at fifty to 
sixtv dollars per acre. Yielding 35 bushels of Wheat, 80 of Corn, and 
two tons of Hay. Population, 100. 



Postmaster. 

Heley, Francis 
Blacksmith. 

Flach, Joseph 
( arpenter. 

Cramer, C. 
(2 Mi rrliaiiilixt . 

Heley, Francis 

Holmes, T. 

Magruder, W. F. 



Mill- 1 . 

Orndorf, William 
Fur: >■ 

I'.auiev, II. 

Baker, E. 

Ball, Frank 

Codwise, B. R. 

Curtin T. 

Duffy, Peter 

Halpin, C. 

Hance, A\ . 



136 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



LyddaW, T. 
Magruder, S. W. 
Magruder, William 
Magruder, W. S. 
Ricketta, E. 



Veirs, C. 
Veirs, E. 
Wilson, O. 
Windan, George 



BTORBECK 

Is situated five miles from Rockville. The land is valued at twenty-five 
to forty dollars per acre. Yielding from 25 to 30 bushels of Wheat, 20 
to 25 of Corn, and one and a half ton of Hay. Churches and Schools in 
close, proximity. Population, 40. 



Postmaster. 

Bennett, John A. 
Blacksmith. 

Gill, James 
Carriage Maker. 

Cashell, C. R. 
General Merchandise. 

Bennett, John A. 

Flack, A. C. 

Rainier, James 
Carpenters. 

Burris, William 

Nicholls, Charles 



Farmers. 



Abert, Charles 
Abert, Robert W. 
Adamson, R. L. 
Beall, J. W. 
Brooke, Albin 
Brooke, Roger 
Cashell, Thomas 
Cashell, William 
Flack. A. C. 
Muncaster, Wm. E. 
Nicholls, C. W. 
Riley, P. C. 
Sullivan, Perry 
Thompson, William 



OFFTTT'S -[- ROADS, 

Six miles from Rockville, and two and a half miles from the Great Falls 
of the Potomac, which is cohsidered one of the greatest water-powers in 
the country. The land surrounding is fair, and contains gold mines, 
which are now being worked. Land sells at from ten to thirty dollars 
per acre. Produces 15 to 30 bushels of Wheat, 100 of Potatoes, 25 of 
Oats, and 20 to 30 of Corn. Presbyterian and Methodist Episcopal 
Churches. Three Schools near. Population, 1 25. 



Post master. 

Offutt, William 
Btetkimritl/x. 

Lynch, William T. 

McCormick, George 

Carpenters. 

Dolbeck, James 
Hill, Lloyd 
Bheppard, Thomas 



General Merchandise. 
Garrett & Maus. 
McQuade, M. 

Offutt & Perry. 

Gold Miners. 

Jas. Bartlett, Merritt & Co. 
MilUrs. 

McCormick, G. 

Orendorf, Wm. 

Storm, Philip & John 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



137 



Physicians. 

Offutt, B. 

Willett, C. F. 

Shoemakers. 

Burriss, Lem. P. 
Stearn, J. J. 

Farmers. 

Austin, Mahlon 
Barnhouse, Richard 
Boswell, Frank 
Bradley. George G. 
Bradley, Henry 
Bradley, Henry, Jr. 
Burriss, G. W. 
Carroll, J. M. 



Clagett, Darius 
Clagett, Henry 
Clagett, J. N." 
Clagett, Wm. 
Connell, John 
Connell, Robert 
Hardest v, Wm. M. 
Hill. Levi 
Kilgour, Frank 
Maus, O. S. 
Moore, J. D. W. 
Offutt, John 
Offutt, L. M. 
Saunders, John 
Stearn, Joseph 
Trundle, John 



OLNET 

Is situated eight miles from Rockville. Land good, principally cleared ; 
is valued at forty dollars per acre, and yields 25 bushels of Wheat, 50 of 
Corn, and 1200 pounds of Tobacco. Churches and Schools convenient. 
Population, 75. 



Postmaster. 

Kirk, R. L. 
Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights. 

Jones, L. D. 

Walker, J. W. 
Carpenters and Undertakers. 

Groome, Thomas C. 

Price, Join) 

Young, R. W. 
Dairy. 

Farquhar, Greenville 
Dentist. 

Manakee, F. H. 
Merchant' 

B unesley, J. D. 

Williams & Berger. 
MiUer. 

Routzhan, M. C. 
Physician. 

Magruder, Wm. E. 
Shoemaker. 

Johnson, H. C. 
8t0Vi l and Tinicare. 

Wagner, J. L. 
10 



Tailor. 

Schmitt, Andrew 
Farmers. 

Barnesley, George 

Bamesley, James 

Barnesley, Samuel 

Berry, J. D. 

Bowie, Col. W. 

Brooke, C. F. 

Cashell, G. C. 

Cashell, H. B. 

Cashell, - 

Chichester, W. B. 

Childs, James O. 

Childs, Williain 

Dorsey, Col. G. 

Duly, H. B. 

Farquhar, Charles 

Griffith, Thomas 

Hallowell, II. C. 

Higgina, II. O. 

Holland, J. C. 

Hyatt George "W. 

Jones, L. W. 

Kirk, Charles 

Mackall, R. L. 

Mackall, R. M. 

Manakee, Reuben 



138 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



POOLESVILLE 

Is located in the Horseshoe formed by the Potomac River, six miles from 
Barnesville Station, Metropolitan Railroad, and same distance from the 
Canal, and thirty-two miles from Washington. Principal products- 
Wheat, Corn and Hay. From fifteen hundred to two thousand head of 
Cattle are grazed for market in the District. Soil sandy, gray and red ; 
ranging from fifteen to fifty dollars per acre. A Public and Private 
School largely attended; also, Briarly Hall Seminary for Young Ladies, 
ably conducted by Mrs. Mary E. Porter and daughter, with a large 
attendance. Population, 275. 



Postmaster. 

Cator, Samuel 
Blacksmith. 

Reed, Lewis 
Carpenters. 

Norris, William 

Hall, E. 

Money, J. II. 
Carriage Man nfacturers. 

Straub & Son. 
Dentist. 

Schaeffer, Dr. T. II. 
Merchants. 

Hall, T. R, 

Hays, William N. 

Hoskinson Bros. 

Kohlhoss, C. 

Norris, J. T. 
Millers. 

Milford, Thos.. & Bitzer. 
Physician <. 

Ayler, 

Walling, 

Wootton, 

Shoemaker*. 

Grimes, Charles 

Price, Elias 
Veterinary Surgeon. 

Poole, W. T. H. 
Farmers. 

Brewer, George 

Brewer, William 

Cecil, Humphrey 
I, William 

Chiswell, Captain 
•.well, Edward 



Dade, John 
Dawson, F. 
Fisher, George 
Fisher, Martin 
Gott, Thomas N. 
Griffith, Howard 
Heirberger, Aaron 
Hempstone, H. T. 
Hempstone, T. 
Hillard, Robert 
Hughes, William D. 
Jones, John A. 
Jones, John L. T, 
Jones, N. 
Jones, William T. 
Metzger, Charles 
Metzger, William 
Miles, Uriah 
Poole, Dickerson 
Poole, F. S. 
Poole, J. Sprigg 
Poole, Richard 
Poole, Thomas H. 
Poole, Wallace 
Poole, William 
Schaffer, William 
Sellman, Charles 
Talbott, Benson 
Trundle, .James 
White, Benjamin 
White, Frank 
White, Joseph 
White, Richard 
White, Thomas H. 
Willard, Charles 
Willard, J. 
Young, David 
Young, Henry 
Young, Isaac 
Young, W. T. 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



139 



BEDL1ID, 

Two miles from Derwood Station, Metropolitan Branch Railroad. Soil 
productive, and susceptible of improvement. Church and Public School. 
Population, 50. 



Postmaster. 

Peirce, H. B. 

BlacJcsmif/is. 

Bready, 0. W 

Bready, S. K. 
('ar} tenters. 

Belt, Rufus 

Belt, W. M. 
March 

Peirce, II. B. 

Thompson, H. S. & Bro. 
Miller. 

Shaw, Nathan 
Physician*. 

Magruder, J. W. 
Magruder, Julian 



Farmers. 

Bean, C. M. 
Bowman, U. 
Case, J. & R. 
Cashell, H. 
Cashell, J. 
Cashell, Thomas, Jr. 
'Griffith, David 
Housholder, W. 0. 
Magruder, H. B. 
Magruder, Zadoc 
Muncaster, E. M. 
Rabbitt, J. 
Ricketts, J. T. 
Riggs, Mrs. E. H. 
Thompson, J. E. 



BOCKTILIE, 

The County Seat, on the Metropolitan Railroad, filty-seven miles from 
Baltimoii been miles from "Washington. The land in the vicinity 

is clay loam, well improved, and sells from twenty to one hundred 
dollars per acre. Staple productions — Wheat, Corn, Hay, and Oats. 
Considerable attention is devoted to Fruit and Garden productions. 
Contains Court House, Jail, and the County Almshouse. Churches — 
Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian. Catholic, Episcopal, Di 
pies, and two Colored. Mispah Lodge, No. 144, A. F. & A. M. Mont- 
gomery Grange. Population, 1000. 



ster. 

England, John G. 
Agents — Insurance. 

Higgins, John J. 

Prettyman, E. D. 
Agent — Railroad. 

Cooper, J. J. 
Attorneys at L 

Anderson & Bouic. 
lerson, James W. 

Brewer & Brewer. 

Dawson, James 



England, John G. 
Jones, Spencer C. 
Peter A: Henderson. 
Peter, John F. 
Talbott, II . W. 

Audio 

Boswell, James 
ksmiths and Wheelwrights 
Bagley, R. A. 
Buxton, James F. 
Green, M. 
Haney, B. 



J 40 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



Moulden, Eli 
Mulringer, J. P. 

Carpenters and Undertaken. 

Cator, George F. 

Edmondson, John 

Haney, Joseph 

Pumphrey, W. R. 
Dentist. 

Manakee, F. H. 
Druggist. 

Owens, D. F. 
Harness Maker. 

Kircher. David 
Hotels. 

Montgomery — M. A. Almony. 

Union— Francis Kleindienst. 

Livery StoMes. 

Poss. J. 

Babbitt, W. H. 
Mason. 

Dwyer, Henry 
Merchants. 

Biavs. J. P. 

Bouic, D. H. 

England, John G., Jr. 

Higgins, S. D. & Son. 

Lyddane, S. B. 

Mulfinger, Mrs. Mary M. 

Offutt,'iN. I). 

Shekell, R. A . 
Millers. 

Veirs, E. & Brother. 
Millinery. 

Campbell, Mi- 

Cator, Mrs. G. F. 

Miller, Mrs. J. R. 
Physic ii ■ .is. 

Maddox, C. J. 
Sommers, A. A. 

Stonestreet, E. E. 
Shoemakers. 

Johnson, R. R. 

Sad tier, Louis 

Steele, J. A. 
Tailor. 

Morgan, M. 
Tinner. 

Viett, Henry 



Watches and Jewelry. 

Ansley, Henry 
Wines and Liquors. 

Mullican, S. T. 

Rabbitt, J. R, 

Rabbitt, William H. 

Farmers. 

Anderson. Col. James 
Anderson, James W., Jr. 
Bedle. Amos 
Belt, Edward C. 
Bouic, Hon. W. Y. 
Bowie. Hon. R. I. 
Brewer, John B. 
Brooke. W. S. 
Carter. R. W. 
Claggett, Z. T. 
Cromack, J. C. . 
Davis, Samuel L. 
Dawson, II. A. 
Dawson, John L. 
Dove, Thomas R. 
Edmondson, C. O. 
Farquhar, Rodger B. 
Gaitber, William B. 
'Gra" e M. 

Haney. Joseph M. 
Higgins, James VV. 
Higgins, Mrs. S. D. 
Horner, Frank B. 
Horner, John W. 
Hunter, Mrs. 
Hunter, William 
Hurley, ! ■ 

Jones, William, Jr. 
Keys, Chandler 
Lyddane, S. M. 
Maddox, Dr. Charles J. 
Nelson, C. S. 
Offutt, N. 1>. 
Orndorff, W. 0. 
Prettyman, B. B. 
Ray. N. K. 
Ricketts, John 11. 

Picket Is. R. E. 
Ro/.'n r. 1\ W. 
Selby, Allen 
Shaw, George 

! L. 

Stoi Dr. E. E. 

Stonestreet, Samuel T. 
Stonestreet, T. W. 
Trail, Hezekiah 
Veirs, E. M. 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



141 



Veirs, W. A. 
Wagner, J. N. 
Watkins, Rudolph 



White, George 
Willson, John E. 
Willson, Samuel 



SANDY SPRINGS, 

iit miles East of Rockville, and eleven miles from Laurel, is situated 
in the midst of a Settlement of Friends, and is surrounded by one of the 
wealthiest sections in the County. Land under a high state of cultiva- 
tion, and improved by handsome buildings, etc. Land worth from twenty 
to one hundred dollars per acre. Principal productions — Wheat, Corn, 
Hay, and Fruit. Four Methodist Episcopal Churches, two Colored, and 
Society of Friends. Public and Private Schools. Mutual Fire Insur- 
ance Company, of Montgomery County; Sandy Springs Savings Bank, 
and Circulating Library. Population, 10fl. 



Postmaster. 

Stabler, Edward 
Blacksmiths. 

Budd, Samuel 

Budd, Thomas 

Harlow, J. F. 

Turner, Fletcher 
Garpem 

Hill, Re' 

Leizer, Francis 

Moore, Robert S. 

Tucker, Richard 
Merchants. 

Gilpin & Bentley. 

Holland. James M. 

Thomas,' A. G. 
Millers. 

Brooke, Charles F. 

L< a, Henry T. 

White, Moab 
Physician. 

Iddings, C, Edward 
Warmers. 

Bready, John 
ike, Alban 

Brooke, George E. 

( lashell, A. Ja< 

Chandlee, Albert 



Farquhar, William II. 
Hallowell, Henry C. 
Kirk. Mahlon 

Lea, William 
-Miller, B. H, 
Miller, Henry H. 
Miller, Robert H. 

Moore, Joseph T. 

!, William W. 
Palmer, B. I). 
Palme 
Roberts, B. R. 

Id, William J. 
Scott, Edmund 
Smith, John M. 
Stabler, A rthur 

r, As i M. 
Stabler, Charles 
Stabler. Frederick 
Stabler. Granville 
Stabler, James P. 
Stabler, Joseph 
Stabler, Philip T. 
Stabler, Robert M. 
Stone. James 1 1 
Thomas. Edward P. 
Thorn; 

Thomas, Samuel P. 
Thomas. William J. 
Wetherald, Joseph 



142 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



SKMJI AN'S, 

On the Metropolitan Railroad, four miles West of Boyd's, and nine miles 
East of Point of Rocks, and one mile from Barnesville, — for which this 
is the Railway Station. Railroad Agent, Samuel Darby. 



SENECA, 

On Great Seneca Creek, near its confluence with the Potomac River, on 
the road from Georgetown to Edwards 1 Ferry. Public Schools and 
Churches in the vicinity, Store and Post Office. Postmaster, Upton Dorsey. 



SLIGO, 

One mile from Silver Springs, and six miles from Washington. Soil- 
light and loamy; land principally cleared, and rated at fifty to one hun- 
dred dollars per acre. Produces 30 bushels of Wheat, 25 of Corn, and 
two tons of Hay per acre. Methodist Protestant Church and two Catho- 
lic Churches. Two Public Schools. Population, 50. 



Postmaster. 

Dorsey, James L. 
Blacksmiths. 

Cunningham, ('. 

Gentner, John 
Carpenter. 

Long, J. D. 
Miller. 

Bond, J. L. 
Physicians. 

Harding, Josiah 

Stone, C. G. 



Farmers. 

Blair, Hon. Montgomery 
Burch, R. W. 
Clark, O. H. P. 
Dorsey, James L. 
Drain e, A. L. 
Fenwick, James 
Lee, 8. P. 

Thompson, William 
Wilson, John C. 
Wilson, R. T. 



SPEJfCERTILLE, 

On the road to Sandy Springs, and six miles from Buvtonsville. Land 
productive, and yielding excellent crops of Wheat, Corn and Hay. 
Land worth from thirty to eighty dollars per acre. Baptist Church and 
Schools. Population, 100. 



Postmaster. 

W. H. 

Carpenter. 

Barnes, James 



Nurseryman. 

Phair, William H. 
Farmers. 

Chaney, H. S. 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



143 



Duvall, Louis H. 
Herding, Joseph 
Miller, W. P. 

Reigle, George 



Stabler, Asa M. 
Btabler, Caleb 
Stabler, F. 



SlNSHIlfE, 

Ten miles from Gaithersburg. Soil good, and susceptible of improve- 
ment; can be bought from twenty to forty dollars per acre. Produces 25 
bushels of Wheat, 40 of Corn, and two tons of Hay. Methodist Protest- 
ant, (Mount runnel, i and Methodist Episcopal, (Unity Chapel.) Public 
School. Population, 150. 



Postmaster. 

Brown, William W. 

Blacksmiths. 

Davis, Nimrod 
Grady, Frank 

Carpenters. 

Boswell, Nicholas 
Brown, Franklin 
Cashell, George 

Dentist. 

Dwyer. J. D. 

Merchants. 

Colliflower & Harvey. 
Gaither, F. D. 
Townsend, C. F. 

Machinist. 

Bozzell, J. Q. 



Physician. 

Maynard, J. H. 

Shoemakers. 

Brown, Uriah 
Coomes, R. W. 
Dwyer, J. W. 

Farmers. 

Brown, J. H. 
Brown, Joshua 
Brown, Robert 
Curtis, John 
Griffith, Frank 
Groomes, Franklin 
Hutton, C. C. 
Kinsev, John G. 
Lansdale, R. H. 
Magruder, J. F. D. 
Riggs, Elisha 
Townsend, James 
Watkins, O. P. 



TRIADELPHIi, 

On the Patuxent River, north-east corner of Mechanicsville District. 
Soil productive. Products — 30 bushels of Wheat, 40 of Corn, and 30 of 
Oats. Land from rifteen to sixty dollars per acre. Churches, Schools 
and Mills. Postmaster, Thomas Lansdale. 



WHEATON, 

Half mile from Forest Glen. Location healthy. Soil — clay ; land cleared, 
and rated at forty to eighty dollars per acre. Methodist Episcopal and 
Methodist Protestant Churches. Public School. 



144 



DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



Postmaster. 

Plyer, George 

Blacksi'iith. 
Rhine, A. 

Merchants. 

Anderson, D. C. 
Davis, Charles 
Jones, Samuel 
Mitchell. Richard 
Plyer, George 
Ray, A. 

Physician. 

Harding, J. 

Farmers. 

Adams, Charles 
Anderson, Charles 
Batchelor, W. A. 
Boher, Julius 
Bowie, Allen 
Bowman. William 
Breaton, W. 
Brown, Thomas 
Burgdorf, A. 
Childs, Joseph 
Cropley, William 
Dodged J. P. 



Dodge, Owen 
Eecleston, Matthew 
Federline, Frank 
Glasgoe, J. E. 
Hardy, Frank 
Hardy, John 
Haviland, James 
Hunter, Thomas 
Johnson, Henry 
Jones, C. P. 
Laney, John 
Linkins, Henry 
Matthews, Wesley 
Muss, Peter 
Noland, Thomas 
Perry, Humphrey 
Price, James 
Price, William 
Ray, Richard 
Riley, Thom as 
Stanton, i-'rederick* 
Stubbs. J. B. 
Trucks, J. 
Wallace, Murray 
Weller, M. 
Weller, William 
Windham, A. J. 



WHITE'S FERRY, 

Six miles from Poolesville, on the Potomac River, four miles from Lees- 
burg, Virginia. Land in good cultivation; producing 30 to 40 bushels 
of Wheat; Corn, Oats, and Hay in proportion. Selling from thirty to 
seventy-five dollars per acre. Store and Post Office, with Churches and 
Schools in the neighborhood. Splendid Bass Fishing in the Potomac. 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS 



OF 



GEORGETOWN, D. ( 



THE LIMBER TRADE. 

WHEATLEY BROTHERS. 

The City of Georgetown enjoys many advantages over other places 
favorable to the successful prosecution of the Lumber Trade, among 
which may be mentioned her central location and unsurpassed water 
facilities for receiving and shipping. 

The immense amount of Lumber used annually in the United States 
is constantly increasing, and to supply this growing demand, an immense 
amount of capital and labor is invested. One of the oldest established 
firms so engaged in the District of Columbia is that of the Messrs. 
Wheati,ey Brothers, whose extensive yards in Georgetown and Wash- 
ington cover fully four acres of ground. Some idea of the extent of 
their business may be inferred from the fact that they handle over seven 
million feet of Lumber yearly. 

The Georgetown office is located at 37 Water Street, and the yards 
covering several acres are located on the Banks of the Potomac and Rock 
Creek, where they have a wharfage of three hundred feet, enabling r< 
of any draught to load and unload at all times. Their stock embraces 
every description of Lumber received from all the different Lumber 
sections of the country. 

At Seventh Street and Rhode Island Avenue, in Washington, their yard 
occupies one and one-half squares, and is connected with the George- 
town office by a Telephone, making communication easy and facilitating 
business. 

In 1845, Mr. F. Wheatley, the father of the gentlemen conducting the 
present business established himself in Georgetown, and by his energy 
and enterprise, successfully conducted the business until 1866, when his 
four sons under the above style and name became proprietors, and since 



146 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

that time have illustrated the fact that the mantle of the sire fell on 
worthy shoulders , for they have materially extended and enlarged the 
business, keeping pace with the modern development of trade and com- 
merce. Directing their entire time and energy, coupled with their exten- 
sive experience, exclusively to their business, and losing no opportunity 
of protecting their customers, jt is certain that the " Brothers Wheatley " 
will merit a continuance of the generous support so long extended to 
them during the past. 

The firm are enabled to transact business in a manner satisfactory to 
all concerned, and their prices are such that they can compete with 
Baltimore or more Eastern markets. Their trade is principally local, 
although they make shipments by the railroads and canal to Montgomery 
and adjacent Counties in Maryland and Virginia. 

They are also largely engaged in building. Mr. Samuel E. Wheatley, 
one of the senior members of the Washington branch having immediate 
supervision of that department. They have twenty-six handsome brick 
dwellings on the square bounded by Seventh, Sixth and Q, Streets and 
Rhode Island Avenue, and a number in the immediate neighborhood, all 
of which are occupied. They are all finished in modern style, combin : 
ing all the conveniences for house-keeping. 

Mr. Charles Wheatley, who has charge of the Georgetown office, is a 
social and genial gentleman— qualities, when joined with strict business 
principles, and honorable and upright dealing, is sure to make him a 
host of friends. 



GROCERIES, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 

S. CROPLEY'S SONS. 

Among the important commercial enterprises of Georgetown which 
commend themselves to general notice, no one possesses features of 
greater interest than that of the Wholesale and Retail Grocery Trade. 
The house of S. Cropley's Sons was established by Mr. Samuel Cropley 
in 1828, and succeeded by his two sons R. B. and A. B. Cropley in 1868, 
by whom it has since been prosecuted with great success. The indi- 
vidual importance of this house is such that it exerts an influence over 
the commercial interests of Georgetown, which is strongly felt by dealers 
in other departments of trade. 

In addition to their Grocery Department, they are largely engaged in 
Rectifying Spirits and Compounding Liquors, among which they make 
a specialty of "Old Club" Whiskeys, of which they are sole proprietors; 
also of " Cropley's" X, XX, XXX Whiskeys. 



r> 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS— GEORGETOWN. 147 






They occupy a large five story building Corner Bridge Street and Market 
Space, where their wholesale business is principally carried on, and one 
at the Corner of Bridge and Congress Streets, which is devoted to sup- 
plying families with Fine Wines, Groceries and Canned Goods and 

Fruits, etc. 

They are also extensive dealers inTobacco, Snuff, Cigars, etc., of which 
they keep a well assorted stock, which is of great convenience and value 
to country dealers. 

The Messrs. Cropley are Agents for Hazard's Powder, the celebrity of 
which is wide-spread. They make a specialty of this article, which is 
extensively used in every section of the country. As the attention of 
dealers to this house may be advantageous both to it and to themselves, 
these gentlemen, as agents, are prepared to supply it in any quantities, 
and at prices lower than it can be bought in the general market. 

Their trade in Groceries is large, local and general through the District 
and the States adjoining. These goods are, strictly speaking, first-class 
when so represented, the high commercial standing of the house forbid- 
ding their imposition of goods upon customers of a quality inferior to 
the class ordered, for the temporary emolument such a transaction might 
afford. In every respect the house of S. Cropley^ Sons is a good one, 
meriting universal patronage. 



AN ENTERPRISING MAN. 

ROBERT T. ARLOW. 

It has always been the boast of the American citizen that no country 
in the world offers better opportunities for the truly enterprising, or 
where true worth will quicker bring a reward than in the United States. 
An instance of the truth of this statment appears in the case of Mr. 
Robert T. Aklow, 82 Water Street, Georgetown. This well known, 
energetic and successful business man is an example where industry and 
careful management have led to unqualified success. Mr. Arlov.- started 
business here in the year 18G5. his cash capital being only five dollars. 
Being ambitious, prudent and withal determined to succeed, he kept 
constantly increasing his business and using all possible means to advance 
his interests, and to-day he is the owner of considerable property. His 
active and energetic manner of doing business, combined with his genial 
and pleasant manners, has made him very popular, and his " Cottage ^ is 
xhe resort of all whose business requires their attention along the river 
front. His Wines, Liquors and Cigars are selected with especial care 
as to their excellence and purity. 

Mr. Arlow is the founder of his own property, and is entitled to great 
credit for the many business qualities he possesses. 



148 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

CAPITA!. FLOUR MILLS. 

W. H. TENNEY & SONS. 

Among the many celebrated Flour Mills of Georgetown, there is none 
whose specialties stand higher for purity, and command more ready 
market than these Mills. 

W. H. Tenney & Sons, owners and proprietors, established the Mills 
in 1870, and since then, have been constently employed in producing 
from one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five barrels per day. The 
special brands which have gained an extensive reputation for superior 
quality, and unsurpassed excellence, are Tenney's Hungarian Process, 
Tenney's Best Family and John Davidson's Family. 

SHIP AND CANAL STORES. 

A . H . BRADT. 

One of the distinctive features of business in Georgetown, is that of 
supplying vessels and canal boats with all needful supplies. The most 
prominent establishment engaged in this class of business, is that of Mr. 
A. H. Bradt, who is 1< tcated on the Canal, near the Goal Elevators. Here can 
be found every article needed by vessels and canal boats, including 
Groceries, Liquors, all kinds of Feed, Ship and Canal Stores. Mr. B. 
has an experience of over 27 years in this business, and is well qualified 
to realize the wants, and supply the demands of the trade. Mr. Bradt 
makes a specialty of the celebrated ,l Horsey Whiskey," 1 from Burketts- 
ville, Frederick County, Maryland. This is kept in stock and has an age 
of six years, also the " Golden Gate," this is purely a straight Rye 
Whiskey of superior quality and flavor. 

PIONEER MILLS. 

HERR & CTSSEL. 

Justly celebrated for the manufacture of Flour as Georgetown has 
become, no brands have attracted more attention and found their way to 
family use than those produced by the above Mills, this is in a great 
measure attributed to the present proprietors, Messrs. Herr & ClSBBli. 
Mr. Geo. W. Cissel has spent a life-time in perfecting the different pro- 
cesses by winch their brands are recognized, viz : Centennial 1st Premium, 
Great Swiss Process, Deener & Cissel Fancy, A. H. Herr's Best, and the 
Peerless Family Flours. Capacity of Mills, 300 barrels per day. 



PROMINENT MERCANTILR FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 149 

BORDEN MENING COMPANY. 

S. H. SHERMAN. GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT. 

This Company was organized in 1852, and located at Alexandria, Va., 
but was afterwards removed to Georgetown, in 1857. The Company was 
formed for the purpose of mining and supplying the eastern market 
with Cumberland Coal. Some idea of the extent of their operations 
may be inferred from the fact that they ship annually about one hundred 
and fifty thousand tons, giving employment to one hundred and fifty 
hands. Mr. S. H. Sherman the General Superintendent, has been con- 
nected with the Company ever since its formation, and is a gentleman of 
enlarged experience, and thoroughly posted in the affairs of the Com- 
pany. He is assisted by W. H. Masters, son of the former agent. 

Their office is located at the Uj/pcr Coal Wharf] near the Coal Elevators. 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND FERTIL- 
IZERS. 

G. T. DUNLAP. 

A farmer desirous of Implements of any kind, with which to plant, 
work or secure his crops, or Fertilizers that will both insure good crops, 
and permanently improve his lands, is compelled in a great measure to rely 
on the representations of the manufacturer. Such an establishment will 
be found at the South- West corner Bridge and High Streets, Georgetown, 
G. T. Dunlap, Proprietor. Here he will find ever article useful upon a 
farm. Mr. Dunlap has an experience of twenty years in the business, 
and established the present house in 1870, and the extensive patronage 
enjoyed gives evidence of the superiority of its specialties. His stock 
embraces every thing in the line of Agricultural Implements, Machinery, 
Farmers' Hardware and Seeds, which comprises the largest and most 
carefully selected in the city. To give some idea of the varied assort- 
ment of articles on hand, mention may be made of the " Syracuse Chilled 
Plow," " A\ "heeler No. G Mower and Reaper Combined,'' " Osburn's 
Self-Binding Harvester,'' Single Reapers. Single Mowers, either front or 
rear cut, Whitinghouse Threshers and Cleaners, also his Improved 
Clover and Grain Threshers, Genuine .Malta Shovel Plows, Portable 
Steam Engines, the Buckeye Grain and Phosphate Drill, Taylor's Horse 
Rakes, Corn Shellers, Hay Tedders, Wheat Fans, Hay and Fodder Cut- 
ters, Cucumber Wood Pumps, Harrows and Cultivators, Clover and 
Timothy Seeds, Garden Seeds, Plaster and all kinds of Guanos at Manu- 
facturers' prices. 



150 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

He is also the manufacturer of Dunlap's Maximum Fertilizer and Dun- 
lap's Ammoniated Bone; these manures are carefully prepared, possess 
unusual strength, and wherever they have been thoroughly tested, are 
pronounced to be all that is claimed for them. First, that they are the 
best Fertilizers on the market, both as promoters of rapid growth of 
crops and permanent improvers of the soil. Second, that they are adapted 
to any crop, and farmers who have not given them a trial are advised to 
do so. Mr. Dunlap is a gentleman of enlarged experience and thor- 
oughly acquainted with every detail of his extensive business, and 
farmers can depend on his representations. 



I/UMBER TRADE. 

JOS. & J. E. LI BBEY. 

One of the most interesting business features of Georgetown, is the 
trade in Lumber, for which her water facilities admirably adapt her. 
Among her most extensive and prosperous Lumber dealers, is the firm of 
Jos. & J. E. Libbey, whose father established the business now owned 
and controlled by them, nearly half a century ago. The magnitude of 
their operations may, in a degree, be estimated by the extent of their 
facilities for conducting them. They have three yards covering an area, 
in the aggregate, of over four acres, with a water front of two hundred 
and thirty feet, the whole of which space is occupied by them in their 
business. They give employment to a number of hands in the work of 
handling the lumber, and in performing the labor incident to the busi- 
ness of receiving and shipping. Their offices are located at 27 Water 
Street, and are handsomely and comfortably arranged for the rapid 
transaction of business, and the convenience of their customers. Their 
specialty is in Hard Wood Lumber, they being the only house in the 
District that keep on hand a constant supply of White Oak, Ash, Wal- 
nut, White and Yellow Pine, Shingles, Pickets, Laths, and all kinds of 
Building Lumber. Their trade extends to sections remote from George- 
tow.., though they chiefly supply the demands in the District and adja- 
cent counties. The trade attractions of the establishment are unsurpassed, 
and the gentlemen of the firm are deserving of the success that has 
attended their energy and enterprise. In the office will be found a 
venerable attache of the family and the business of the Messrs. Libbey, 
"Uncle Crusey, " an old colored man, who for forty six-years has been 
unremittingly faithful to the trusts reposed in him by the father and sons 
in whose service he has worked, and of whose interests he has always 
been watchful. His fidelity has gained for him an affectionate place in 
the hearts of his " young masters, " who reckon among their greatest 
pleasures, that of providing for his comfort. 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 151 

HARDWARE, IRO\ AND STEEL. 

H . P . GILBERT. 

There is always some one in every city and town who by his ability 
and enterprise pushes to the front and becomes a public benefactor, by 
utilizing the facilities for trade and laying the foundations for increasing 
business and extension of labor. Prominent among this class of men 
appears the name of H. P. Gilbert, who located himself in Georgetown 
in 1863, at 93 Water Street, near High, where he has established a busi- 
ness that is second to none in the city. His business consists of Hard- 
ware, Iron and Steel of all sizes, either for sale or rent, including Blocks,, 
Jacks, Dirt and Stone Barrows, Harness, Tug Boats, Scows, &c. 

Some idea of the extensive nature of his business may be formed from 
the fact that he gives employment to from fifty to seventy-five men in the 
various branches of his extensive business. 

Mr. Gilbert is engaged in many other industries that have for their 
object the improvement and prosperity of the community, foremost of 
which is the Potomac Bltje Stone Quarries, on the Potomac Rirer, 
located above Georgetown. This Stone is of a bright blue color and is in 
every respect equal to granite, and can be cut into any shape. As a build- 
ing stone, for durability and beauty it has no equal in this section of 
the country. The new Georgetown College is constructed from stone 
taken from these Quarries; it is also extensively used for foundations and 
paving purposes, and has given universal satisfaction. 

Mr. Gilbert, by his liberal spirit and enterprise, has gained a wide-spread 
reputation for upright and honorable dealing. Several warehouses are 
brought into requisition for the requirements of his extensive business, 
including everything from a Nail to a Steam Engine. 

He is also the builder and owner of several Boats that daily ply up 
and down the river, which are marvels of beauty, power and speed. 



CIGARS & TOBACCO. 

PETER J. MAY. 

In some form or other, Tobacco has become of almost universal use ; 
economy suggests the Pipe, but in this country, the greatest demand is 
exhibited for the Cigar. Mr. Peter J. May is a Practical Manufacturer 
of Cigars, and is located at 93 High Street, Oeorgetoicn, where he makes a 
specialty of the " Rose Bud; " this is a finely flavored Cigar, and gives 
great satisfaction to the lovers of the weed. 



152 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

GROCERIES AND LIQUORS. 

WILLIAM A. OFFUTT & BROTHER. 

No 0: e will deny that the most important business interests in any 
community are those which supply the public demand for food. The 
importance of purity and quality in every article of food, renders the 
business of supplying this demand one which should be entrusted only 
to reliable persons. 

Representatives of this class of Merchants will be found in the firm of 
William A. Offutt & Bro., South- East corner Bridge and High Streets, 
Georgetown, dealers in Fine Groceries, Liquors, and all kinds of Country 
Produce; among their various brands of Whiskeys, they make a spe- 
cialty of the " Jockey Club " and " Baker " brands, both of which are 
fine and exquisitely flavored, and of the greatest purity. The business 
of this house was established in 1840, and after several changes, finally 
succeeded to the " Bros. Offutt." The Stock includes, beside all Staple 
Groceries, every thing coming under the head of " Fancy Groceries," 
which comprise Pickles, Sauces, Fancy Biscuits, Canned Fruits, etc. 

The Messrs. Offutt are young men, who by energy and enterprise have 
established an extensive business throughout the County of Montgomery, 
and by their experience are better enabled to supply the wants of the 
Planters and Farmers, from the fact of their realizing their exact wants 
and desires. Such is the extent of their business, that they occupy the 
entire building of five stories, including the cellar. 



GRAIN, FEED AND HAY. 

D. B. JACKSON. 

The facilities and improvements in Baling Hay and Grinding Feed for 
Stock, has improved so rapidly in the past few years, that this branch of 
trade has assumed important relations in the various branches of busi- 
ness. One of the largest and most extensive depots of this description 
is that of Mr. D. B. Jackson, 110 High Street, Georgetown, Wholesale 
and Retail Dealer in all kinds of Grain, Feed and Baled Hay. 

Mr. Jackson's enlarged experience in this branch of Business, is such 
as to guarantee purchasers that all articles sold are just as represented. 
This building is another of the old land-marks of Georgetown, having 
been built about seventy years ago, by Mr. Noble Hurdle, who is said to 
have shaken hands with every President save that of the present incum- 
bent, Mr. Hayes. 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS— GEORGETOWN. L53 

COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 

HARTLEY & BROTHER. 

There is not a city in the country of its size that handles and manu- 
factures as much Grain and Flour as Georgetown. The immense Flouring 
Mills, using hundreds of thousands of bushels annually— besides which 
the shipment, both by rail and water, open up a large and extensive field 
of operations for the Commission Merchant, Broker and Shipper. 
Prominent among this class of Merchants, from the extent of their busi- 
ness and commercial integrity, is the old and established linn of Hart- 
ley & Bbothebs, 95, 99, 101 Water Street, Dealers in Flour, Grain, and 
General Commission Merchants. This firm has been established since 
L854, and occupy three warehouses with a combined capacity of storing 
thirty thousand bushels of Wheat. 



HYDRAULIC CEMENT A CALCINED PLASTER. 

J. G. & J. M . WATERS, 

General Commisssion Merchants, and Agents for Round Top Hydraulic 
Cement and Red Beach Calcined Plaster, 28 High Street, fronting imme- 
diately on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal is one of the oldest Commission 
Houses in the City, having been established by Mr. Geo. Waters some 
twenty years ago. All kinds of Grain is received on Consignment, and 
Cash Advances made and the interests of the Consignee carefully pro- 
tected. They have several Warehouses, with a storage capacity of fifty 
thousand bushels. They are also extensive dealers in Red Beach Cal- 
cined Plaster and Cement. 



HATS, CAPS, Ac. 

J. O. BARRON. 

This business, especially in the large cities and towns, to be carried on 
successfully, requires persons of more than ordinary ability and judg- 
ment. As styles are constantly changing with every season, and as every 
one who purchases a hat desires to have one in the prevailing fashion, 
the dealer must exercise care and judgment in the selection of his stock, 
so as to be able to satisfy the demands of his customers. Mr. J. O. 
Barron, 120 Bridge Street, from his long experience is eminently fitted 
for this branch of business, as his well selected assortment of Hats, Caps, 
&c, including Umbrellas and Canes, will attest. 
11 



154 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

FAMILY GROCERIES. 

EUGENE T. LYDDANE. 

A Family Grocery is an essential part of every community and of great 
convenience to families, farmers and planters who prefer to make small 
purchases and buy often, thus enabling them to have fresh and pure 
articles. Such an establishment is that of Mr. Eugene T. Lyddane, 
115 High Street, Georgetown. His stock embraces every variety of Staple 
and Fancy Groceries, including Teas, Coffees, Sugars, Spices, Soaps, 
Starches, Canned Goods, Preserves, Jellies, Flour, Hams, Sides, Shoulders, 
<fec. Mr. Lyddane is a native of Montgomery, and has hosts of friends 
throughout the County, and as his store is located on the principal 
thoroughfare leading into the city from the County, it is no unusual 
sight to see the street in front of the store lined with wagons and car- 
riages from the country. The entire building, which is three stories in 
height, is occupied for carrying on the extensive business, including the 
Storage of Country Produce. One hundred years ago this building was 
occupied as a public inn, and is one of the old land-marks of the city. 
In the early colonial days it was a famous resort for the tobacco planters 
and farmers, where they used to congregate and discuss the topics of 
the day and relate the incidents of the last/02; hunt. 



DRY GOODS, tfOTIOtfS, «fcc. 

GIBBONS & BURROUGHS. 

Of the entire commerce of the country, the trade in the above business 
in its extensive details is larger than that of any other, and no class of 
mercantile establishments contribute more to the life and prosperity of 
a City than those engaged in the sale of Dry Goods, Notions, &c; nor 
do any class answer so important a purpose in advancing and promoting 
the business relations of a City. In this department of trade and worthy 
of note is the firm of Gibbons & Burroughs, 130 Bridge Street. Their 
stock is the largest in the City, and is selected with especial care and 
adapted to the requirements of their customers, embracing both Foreign 
and Domestic, such as Ladies' and Gents' Furnishings, Black and Colored 
Dress Silks, Hamburg Laces, Ribbons, Housekeeping Linens, Notions, 
Sun Umbrellas, Black Crapes, White and Colored Dress Goods, Kid 
Gloves, &c. The gentlemen comprising the firm have an experience of 
twenty-five years in handling this class of goods, which gives them great 
advantage in making their selections, being constantly on the look-out 
for novelties. Combined with their facilities for conducting the busi- 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 155 

ness, they are enabled to offer inducements to purchasers that less favored 
houses are unable to do. Entering the business when young men, they 
have grown up with Georgetown and have identified themselves with 
her material interests, and by enterprise and energy, have established a 
large and increasing business. 



NEW EXPRESS EINE. 

G. F. HYDE, AGENT. 

This line was established in 1855, and has been an important factor in 
the industrial pursuits of the District of Columbia since that time. The 
Steamers of this line run between Georgetown, Washington, Alexandria 
and Philadelphia, transporting between Philadelphia and intermediate 
points over twelve thousand tons annually, consisting principally of 
Flour from Georgetown, returning with General Merchandise. Trips 
are made weekly each way. The General Managers are W. P. Clyde, 
12 South Wharves, Philadelphia. Mr. G. F. Hyde, the Agent in George- 
town, has had control of this end of the line for the past eight years, and 
by his energy and enterprise is due in a great measure the success of the 

Company. 

— ♦ 

STEAM DYEING AND CLEANING. 

WILLIAM H. WHEATLEY. 

The business or art of Dyeing and Cleaning, has grown to be a very 
important industry of this country, and affords means of subsistence to 
many worthy persons. One of the oldest houses in this business, in the 
United States, is that of William H. Wheatlky, 49 Jefferso n Str eet^ 
Georgetown-, which was founded by Mr. Wheatley's uncle-iTfl83l7and 
has since that date enjoyed the entire confidence of the community, and 
a wide reputation for satisfactory execution of work. The present pro- 
prietor succeeded to the business in 1855, and is constantly increasing 
the facilities, and enlarging the business relations of the house. His 
trade is extensive throughout the District and adjacent States, nearly 
every mail or express receiving or delivering packages. His building is 
large and commodious, where he employs a large number of the most 
skilled and practical dyers, and uses the most improved machinery, 
which is propelled by a forty horse-power engine. In the Dyeing and 
Cleansing of Ladies' Dresses, Shawls, Sacques, Ties, Ribbons, Gents' 
Coats, Pants and Vests, the work is always done in a neat and durable 
manner; the colors being fast and will neither rub off nor fade. Mr. 
Wheatley is a man that can be relied upon in every particular, and is 
worthy of a liberal patronage. 



156 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

RETAIL GROCERY. 

JOHN LYDDANE. 

Dealer in Family Groceries, South- West corner of High, and First Streets, 
Georgetown, adopted as his watchword "Promptness" over twelve years ago, 
and since that time has demonstrated the fact that purity of goods, and 
promptness in business transactions will assuredly be rewarded with 
success. 



MINERAL WATER MANUFACTORY. 

SAMUEL C. PALMER. 

The popularity of Mineral Waters, combined with their health-giving 
properties, has created such an extensive demand, that establishments 
for their manufacture and bottling have been established in all the larger 
cities. One of the most extensive, South of Baltimore, is that of Mr. 
Samuel, C. Palmer, 57 Green Street, Georgetown. He is also Agent for 
Massey's Philadelphia Ale and Schlitz's Milwaukee Lager. This busi- 
ness was established in 1802, and has been in successful operation ever 
since. Some idea of the extent of the business may be inferred from 
the fact that as many as two thousand dozen bottles have been delivered 
in a single day. Mr. Palmer also deals extensively in Bass' Ale, Guin- 
ness' Stout, Belfast Ginger Ale, Catawba Wine, Cider and Cider Vinegar. 



LAGER BEER RREWERY. 

MRS. SIMON DENTZE. 

The consumption of Lager Beer in the United States has become so 
enormous in the past few years, that its production has became an im- 
portant factor in the wealth of the country. In 1870, Mr. Simox Dentze 
established a Lager Beer Brewery, at 38, 40 and 42 Green Street, George- 
town, this was the tirst attempt at brewing Beer in the town ; the experi- 
ment was successful. 

Mr. Dentze, by his energy and the superior quality of his Beer, estab- 
lished a large and lucrative business, not only embracing the City of 
Georgetown and the surrounding country, but encroaching extensively 
on Washington City. At the death of Mr. Dentze, his wife took entire 
charge of the business, and has added many improvements. The Beer 
being manufactured strictly from pure Malt and Hops, is recommended 
by Physicians as a pure and efficacious tonic, for those who are suffering 
from debility. 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS— GEORGETOWN. 157 

KAISER'S 
HOTEL AND RESTAURANT. 

Farmers and those having business in Georgetown, will find comfort- 
able quarters and good cheer, including Oysters in every style. Fish and 
Game in season at Mr. Kaisku's Eotbl, 91 and 93 High street. Mr. 
Kaiser came to Georgetown in 1853, and immediately identified him- 
self with the interests of the people, and opened his present place in 

Be is assisted by his son E. C. Kaiser, who is a "chip of tie 
block." and realizes the wants of the public, and by his pains-taking 
and courtesy has secured the mutual confidence of the public. 

At his eating bar, Mr. Kaiser makes a specialty of Steamed Oysters, 
also Shucked Oysters supplied to families in any quantity. 

Mr. Kaiser was placed in charge, in 1876, of the Agency of U. B. 
MUTUAL Aid Society of Pennsylvania, the object of which is the 
relief of the families of its members after death. Eight dollars paid for 
membership and five dollars annually for four years, and two dollars 
annually during life, with a pro rata mortality assessment in ca- 
death, will entitle each member to a certificate of one thousand dollars, 
to be paid at his death to his legal heirs, or assignees, whenever such 
event may occur. This Society is one that recommends itself to every 
one who desires to provide for his family in case of death. 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS 



OF 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 



DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. 

STOTT & CROMWELL. 

In a 11 the large centres of population the Drug Business is of such a 
character and extent as to claim prominent position in the dominion of 
trade. The articles dealt in are of such a nature, and the relations 
existing between the Physician, Pharmacist and Jobber are such, that 
not only are the cardinal business virtues called for, but also a special 
knowledge of the qualities and properties of goods, such as is never 
required in general mercantile life. 

When an enviable reputation and success has been acquired in this 
department of trade, it is evident that the essential qualifications above 
alluded to are possessed in a high degree, and such is the case with the 
house which is the subject of this sketch, Messrs. Stott & Cromwell, 
480 Pennsylvania Avenue. 

The business of this house was established by John F. Clark, and 
then succeeded by Mr. Stott in 1835, the senior member of the firm. 
The entire building is occupied by the various departments of their 
extensive business, consisting of the most complete assortment of Drugs, 
Chemicals and Patent Medicines, South of Baltimore. Three floors and 
the basement are heavily stocked with Chemicals, Drugs and Medicines, 
both those comprehended in the "Materia Medica," and others of a pro- 
prietary nature. Many of the latter have been a long time before the 
public and have attained high and merited distinction. They are also 
extensive dealers in Mineral Spring Waters, including the celebrated 
Bethesda Waters, of which they are agents, which has gained such a 
world-wide reputation for the cure of Dyspepsia, Liver and Bilious 
Affections, and that much-dreaded "Blight's Disease" of the Kidneys, 
and Diabetes. 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 159 

Their stock of Perfumery, Toilet Articles, Dye-Stuffs, Sponges and 
Chamois are large, and selected with special care for the requirements of 
their constantly increasing trade. 

The business of the House in every respect is in a most flourishing 
condition. The members of the firm and salesmen are pains-taking and 
efficient, and it is but just to them to express the conviction that no 
more conscientious and capable representatives of a peculiarly responsi- 
ble business can be found. 

Farmers and Planters desirous of securing fresh Drugs and Medicines, 
will find it greatly to their advantage to visit the Store of the Messrs. 
Stott & Cromwell. Mr. Cromwell, the junior partner, is a native of 
Montgomery County, and has a lively interest in its future prosperity 
and growth. The gentlemen of the firm are experienced in the different 
branches of the business, and by their energy, enterprise and public 
spirit, have earned a reputation for honorable and fair dealing that has 
secured them their present position. May it continue to hold the repu- 
tation it has always enjoyed, as the Leading Drug House in the 
District of Columbia. 



" CONFECTIONERY." 

CARL MUELLER & SON. 

The immense and constantly increasing demand for Confectionery of 
every description, both of French and American manufacture, has 
stimulated the energies of the people, who have in this respect put forth 
every effort that capital and enterprise, animated by the incentive that 
promotes the industrial millions of the Western Continent, to compete 
with Foreign Manufactories. The American Manufactories are far 
excelling the older establishments of the East, and her leading houses 
are now enjoying a world- wide reputation that gives evidence that they 
are not only able to compete with their Foreign competitors, but they 
are enabled, owing to central location and the production of the raw 
material, to manufacture an article that will stand the test of climate, 
and is capable of shipment to every part of the Globe. Notable repre- 
sentatives of Wholesale Confectioners in the District of Columbia, is 
Oibi Mri-'i.i.Ki; & Sow, gl : Ptomayhama Avenue, Wcuhington, />• C, 
Manufacturers of French and American Confectionery, embracing every 
description of French Candies— including Caromels, Nut and Fruit 
Confections, Toy Candies. Sugar Kisses, Stick, Fragment and Rock 
Candies, including all the different flavors, with Gum and Fruit Drops 
in every conceivable shape— such as Pears, Peaches, Grapes, etc. They 
are also large and extensive dealers in Holiday Goods, such as Toys, 



160 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 

Fire-Works and Fruit Baskets, handsomely arranged and very artistic, 
suitable for presents and souvenirs. 

Mr. Carl Mueller has a practical experience of thirty-five years as a 
Manufacturer of Confectionery, and through the assistance of his son, 
George J. Mueller, has been enabled to illustrate the fact that an estab- 
lishment, founded on perfect business principles, combining the essential 
elements that contribute to the production of a pure article, will meet 
with that deserved success that always follows those who are deserving 
public patronage. 

Their place of business is centrally located on the Avenue, occupying 
the entire building, including the extension built expressly for the pur- 
pose of introducing the modern improvements in machinery, and the 
appliances of skillful labor in the various branches of the business. 

Exhibition and Salks Department. — The first floor, on entering the 
store, presents a magnificent and varied appearance, being devoted to 
the display and sale of goods, embracing an assortment of every class of 
articles, both foreign and domestic. In the rear of which is located 
the office, which is conveniently arranged for the transaction of the im- 
mense business that is daily increasing. 

The Manufacturing Department. — This building is of recent con- 
struction, and was built and arranged expressly for the manufacture of 
Pure Candies, and Confectionery ; the basement of which is used for the 
storing of Molasses, Sugar and the raw materials used in the various 
branches of the manufactured articles. The first floor is used for receiv- 
ing and packing, and is connected with the upper floors by an 
"Elevator," furnishing safe and rapid communication through the 
entire range of floors. Here also are found the great blazing furnaces, 
with "tanks" or '-reservoirs" filled with boiling molasses and sugar, in 
front of which lay great broad cooling slabs of pure marble, on which 
the moulten compound is poured and allowed to cool. 

The second* floor is devoted to moulding the common and cheaper 
grades of Candy, or 'Penny Goods" as they are known to the trade. 
Here also is located the machinery for grinding Cocoanuts and other arti- 
cles required in making the many varieties that are found in their exten- 
sive catalogue. On this floor is located the great marble slabs upon which 
the Celebrated Chocolate Caramels, that have gained such a world-wide 
reputation, are spread and cut ap. 

The third floor is designated the " Girls 1 Department." — It is here 
that the fine French Rock and Fancy Candies are made and finished, 
Gum Drops and Kisses are wrapped and prepared for the market. The 
Starch and Drying Room is also located on this floor. None but 
the purest Sugar and Molasses are used by the Messrs. Mueller & Son, 
which accounts for the popularity of their goods and their rapidly increas- 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 101 

ing business. Such is the extent of his trade that he has four wagons 
constantly employed on the street delivering orders. 

Mr. Mueller is ;is mindful of his Stock as he is for the comfort of his 
employes, for he has recently at great expense erected, in the rear of the 
manufactory, a large and handsome stable, for the accommodation of 
his horses. It is built in the most approved style, with a large ventilator 
extending from the lower floors where the stables are located, to the roof 
where it terminates in a handsome cupola. The floors are concreted, and 
the bins are self-supplying. The upper rooms are used for feed, har- 
ness, &c. 

Tn conclusion, it is but just to say, that the remarkable success of this 
house must be attributed to the strict integrity of character, and faith- 
ful adherence to honest dealing that has always characterized their 
transactions. 

The burden of the business falls on the shoulders of the son, Mr. Geo. 
W. Mueller, who is equal to the task, and in every way worthy the 
cess that has attended his efforts. A young man of great energy combined 
with strict business principles, he is sure to reach a proud position 
amongst the business men of the day. 



WHOLESALE GROCERS AND COMMISSION 
MERCHANTS. 

BARBOUR & HAMILTON. 

* 

In Groceries, Foreign and Domestic, Washington takes rank among 
the chief commercial Cities of the United States. Many of the most 
prominent business men who have given it high commercial standing, 
who have added millions to its substantial wealth, which in many i 
they have nobly used for the City's general welfare and improvement, 
have been its Grocery Merchants. Prominent in this branch of business, 
not only as regards the volume of business transacted, the. extensive 
stock on hand, and superior quality of their goods, but for sound 
integrity, and commercial standing as honorable and upright dealers, is 
the firm of Bakbour & Hamilton, 637, 639 and 641 Louisiana Avenue, 
Washington, D. C. This house was established in 1850, and since that 
time has been the leading Wholesale Grocery and Liquor Establishment 
in the District of Columbia. Recognizing the fact in the beginning 
that the Capital of the Country was destined to be one of tic- hand- 
somest Cities in the World, and that her inhabitants would necessarily 
be comprised of the representative people, not only of the nation, but of 
the whole globe, they determined to establish business on a scale 
that would meet the requirements not only of the City, but one adapted 



162 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 

to the wants and demands of the surrounding counties. Their selections 
of Sugars, Teas and the Staple Articles of their Trade, embrace all the 
leading grades, and are sold at the same figures as those in the Eastern 
Cities, they being in constant communication with the principal foreign 
markets. They are also extensively engaged as Rectifiers of Spirits and 
Wholesale Dealers in Liquors, of which mention may be made of Gaff 
Aurora Pure Rye Whiskeys, of 1873, '74 and '75 Vintage; John Gibson, 
Sons & Co., Whiskeys of all grades, at Distillers' prices; Martinsburg 
Pure Rye Whiskeys, Barbour & Hamilton's X, XX and XXX Rye Whis- 
keys; all of which can be purchased at prices as low as can be obtained 
from the Distillery. They do an extensive business as agents in the 
Urbana Catawba Wines, Devoe's Brilliant Oil, (considered the Safest 
Illuminator in the World,) also for Harvest Queen Family, and Silver 
Spring Extra Flour. A brand of Flour which calls for special notice is 
their " Our New West, " Patent Process Family Flour, which is unrivalled 
in the market. 

Mr. Barbour attends to the financial department of the business, while 
Mr. Hamilton attends to the purchasing, and it will not be amiss to state 
that he is the best posted and closest buyer in the market. 



, 



WHOLESALE CiKOCERIES AXD LIQUORS 

FRANK HUME. 

Successor to Pool & Hume, 454 Pennsylvania Avenue, illustrates the fact 
that enterprise and energy, combined with strict integrity in business, is 
sure to meet with success. 

The establish ment^of Mr. Hume is centrally located on the Avenue, 
and the several floors of the warehouse are occupied in the various 
departments of his extensive business, giving employment to a number 
of salesmen who are kept constantly employed in filling orders, both for 
City and Country. Mr. Hume is thoroughly posted in every branch of 
the business, and persons can order from a distance, with the assurance 
that their wants will be supplied with first-class articles, and at prices 
that cannot fail to give entire satisfaction. All goods are carefully 
packed and delivered without charge to the different wharves and 
depots. 

Mr. Hume is Agent for Acme Family and Harper's Ferry Family and 
Extra Flour, and Mt. Summit and Brookfield "Whiskeys. These Whiskeys 
are especially adapted and suited for Family, Hotel and Bar use; also, 
the ''Tom Moore" Pure Rye of 1868 Vintage. Mr. Hume's assortment 
of Fancy Groceries, Canned Goods and Fruits is extensive, and selected 
with especial care to meet the wants of his customers. 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 163 

BOOTS AXD SHOES. 

J. J. GEORGE. 

The want of a perfect fitting Boot and Shoe, at the same time com- 
bining elegance of style and finish, is a want that most, persons have 
experienced at some time in life. Mr. J. J. George, 2118 Pennsylvania 
Avenue, North- West, Washington, has a practical experience of eighteen 
years in the manufacture of Ladies' and Gentlemen's Footings. Mr. 
George uses none but the best of material in his work, and employs 
none but the most skilled and finished workmen in the various branches 
of the business. He pays special attention to the formation of the feet 
in taking his measure, and by a system which is of his own adoption, 
he is enabled to adapt the Boot or Shoe to the shape of the foot, thus 
ensuring an easy and well fitting article, that will never give pain or 
obstruct the easy grace and movement that lends such a charm to the 
graceful carriage of the promenader. 

Mr. George has been for many years an exhibitor at the Montgomery 
County Fair, and by the superior excellence and durability of his work, 
established quite an extensive trade. He makes a specialty of Sports- 
men and Farmers' Boots, who are compelled to be exposed to the snow 
and slush, and has prepared for their use a Leather Preservative and 
Waterproof Oil Composition, of which he is the Sole Manufacturer. 
The object of the Composition is to render the leather soft, pliable, 
waterproof and durable. He presents each purchaser with a box of this 
compound, which is found to accomplish all that is claimed for it. 
Such is the rejiutation of Mr. George for first-class work, that he is in 
daily receipt of orders from all parts of the country ; officers in the 
Navy and Army ordering from their different Posts throughout the 
United States. 

Another specialty which Mr. George pays great attention to, is Goat 
Skin Boots for Ladies, made strong and of exquisite finish, comfortable 
and durable, and in great demand during the winter. 



PAINTS, OIES AND VARNISHES. 

GEORGE RYNEAL, JR. 

The use of Paints for the adornment of habitations and their surround- 
ings, is at once beautifying, preserving and sanitary, and no one has con- 
tributed more to the improvement in this branch of business, than 
George Kyneal, Jb., Dealer in Paints, Oils, Window and Plate Glass, 
Lamp Goods, Artists' and Wax Flower Materials, etc., 639 D Street, 



164 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 

North- West. The entire three story building is filled with Goods, apper- 
taining to his business. The commodious sales and display room is 
located on the first floor, and is under the immediate jjersonal super- 
vision of Mr. Ryneal, where will be found one of the largest and most 
complete assortments of Lamp Goods, Artists' and Wax Flower Mate- 
rials in the City. The Paints, Oils and Varnishes are principally con- 
fined to the cellar, while the Window and Plate Glass, with the lighter 
articles of the trade, are distributed through the upper floors. He is 
also Agent for Johnston's Kalsominc and Fresco Paints and Masury Pre- 
pared Cottage Paints. Circulars, including Sample Colors, are sent on 
application. 

Mr. Ryneal's business includes both a large City and Country trade, 
and by his indomitable spirit and enterprise, has acquired a reputation 
for strict integrity, fair dealing and business energy. 



HEATING .OD COOKING STOVES. 

G. E. GARTRELL & CO. 

The increase of manufactures and the rapid strides made within a few 
years past, in all branches of industry, has brought many improvements 
prominently before the public, none more so than those made in 
Heating and Cooking Stoves. 

Prominent among those who have by their experience and practical 
knowledge introduced the improvements mentioned, are the Messrs. G. 
E. Gartrell & Co., Dealers in Heating and Cooking Stoves, Latrobes 
and Furnaces, No. 1815 Seventh Street, North- West. 

Mr. Gartrell has an experience of sixteen years in this business, and is 
well qualified to realize the wants of the public. 

Their stock, which comprises one of the most complete in the City, 
embraces the Highland Queen, which is extra large, the Iron King, which 
is especially adapted for farmers who burn wood, the fire box being 
extra large and suitable to their convenience. In their extensive assort- 
ment, mention may be made of "Bibb's New Silver Palace," which is a 
Jace stove, and combines all the features of old style, with the new 
improvements for heating rooms above. 

They call the special attention of Farmers to the " Harnett Home Range" 
which is very large and suitable for large families or boarding houses, 
&c. 

Their stock of Household Furnishing Goods is very complete, includ- 
ing Tinware. Stove Fixtures, Wood and Willow Ware, and are sold at 
prices that are beyond competition. 

The gentlemen comprising the firm are well known in Montgomery 
County, who by their pains-taking efforts have secured a large and 
lucrative trade. 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. L66 

CLOTHING HOUSE. 

A. SAKS & C O. 

Among the many changes that have taken place in the last century, no 
more radical revolutions has been accomplished than that in the cutting 
and making of gentlemen's garments. Ask your grandfathers or grand- 
mothers what trouble there was to clothe the boys, and they will tell you 
that weeks of preparation were required to provide husband and child- 
ren with the necessary Clothing for the season. 

In that day the countryman and farmer who wore " store clothes" was 
considered a dandy, and the great improvement is due to such houses as 
that of A. Saks & Co. whose large establishments in Washington. Rich- 
mond and Lynchburg, afford such excellent means for those whose purse 
is either lean or fat, to be dressed in the most genteel and approved 
styles at a reasonable cost. The cutting, making and trimming depart- 
ments necessary to produce the goods these large houses demand, are 
worthy of a visit, and some idea may be gained of the immensity of 
their trade. ■ 

When it is stated that notwithstanding all the labor-saving machinery 
employed, the firm have constantly at work on their goods no less than 
one hundred and fifty Tailors ; often this number is increased to two hun- 
dred and fifty. As Messrs. Saks & Co. are always courteous to visitors, 
those desirous of first-class articles will do well when next in Washing- 
ton to call on them, and they will be seen to leave 310 Seventh Street, 
with pleasant recollections. 



CIGARS AJFI> TOBACCO. 

GEORGE W. COCHRAN & CO. 

'Che establishment of George W. Cochran & Co., Wholesale and 
Retail Dealers in fine Havana Cigars, Chewing and Smoking Tobacco, 
1115 Pennsylvania Avenue, is the largest bouse South of Baltimore. 
Here the lover of the Weed can find every brand of Cigar, ranging from 
fifteen dollars to two hundred dollars per thousand. 

Mr. G. W. Cochran, the senior member of the firm, established the 
business in 1847, and by strict attention to business and a quick percep- 
tion to realize the wants of the public, has succeeded in building up the 
extensive patronage now enjoyed by the firm. Mr.-.J. W. Wetherall, who 
is associated with Mr. Cochran, is a practical and experienced Tobacconist, 
and devotes his exclusive time and attention to the details of the 
business. Mr. Cochran is a gentleman of enlarged business experience, 
and endowed \\ ith great executive ability, which has placed him at the 
head of several important enterprises, of which he is President. 



166 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 

OYSTER TRADE. 

WILLIAM TURNER. 

One of the important branches of trade in the District of Columbia, 
is that of Oysters and Fish. Some idea of the amount of business trans- 
acted in Oysters alone, may be inferred from the fact that over twenty 
thousand bushels of Oysters are brought to the wharves per week, from 
the 1st of September to the 1st of May, principally from the Potomac 
River and Chesapeake Bay. 

One of the most prominent Dealers is Mr. William Turner, who 
does the largest business in the District, in supplying Hotels, Restaurants, 
Families, etc. Mr. Turner has an experience of twenty years in hand- 
ling the Bivalves, and by his superior knowledge of the trade, combined 
with his energy and enterprise, has thus succeeded in establishing his 
extensive and lucrative business. 



GROCERIES AND LIQUORS. 

JOHN D. MANION, 

Dealer in Groceries, Wines, Liquors and Cigars, Corner Seventh and H 
Streets, two blocks from the Seventh Street Wharf, has succeeded in establish- 
ing a large and increasing trade in Fine Family Groceries, Liquors, etc. 
His " Pimlico Club " and "Aurora" Whiskeys are pure, and are specially 
used for medical and family purposes. Persons visiting the City by boat 
will find a full and complete assortment of Staple Groceries, which Mr. 
Manion delivers free of charge and safely packed for transportation. 



FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EIOUORS. 

CHR . X AN DER. 

It is of the utmost importance to the general trade throughout the 
country that the prominent and leading houses in the different mercan- 
tile pursuits should receive the acknowledgments of the public, pro- 
vided they are deserving of it. Perhaps there is no class of merchants 
who are as liable to be mistrusted than those engaged in the Liquor 
Business — therefore a great deal of care and judgment is exercised by 
those who are desirous of selecting a reliable and responsible house to 
make their purchases. Such a trentleman and bouse will be found in 
Mr. Chr. Xander, 911 Seventh Street, North- West, Washington, Distiller 
and Rectifier of all kinds of Domestic Liquors, and dealer in Foreign 
and Domestic Wines and Brandies. Mr. Xander has an experience of 



I 



PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 167 

fifteen years, and by strict attention to business, lias secured a reputa- 
tion second to none. 

His stock comprises the finest grades of Pure Old Rye and Bourbon 
Whiskeys. A specialty is made of the Old Gold Medal. These Liquors 
are distilled from the purest materials and are especially recommended 
for medical and family purposes. 

He is also the Manufacturer of the Celebrated Tonic and Bitters, known 
as " Milliston," compounded from the juice of the Wild Cherry, with the 
extract of different herbs. As an appetizer, it is far superior in flavor 
and effect to those usually offered to the public. Planters from Mont- 
gomery County in search of fine Liquors should give Mr. Xander a call, 
where they will receive every attention and at the same time find it to 
their advantage, as he is sure to have exactly what they desire. 



WI\E A\D LUNCH ROOMS. 

MR. DAVID HAGERTY'S 

Ladies' and Gentlemen's Lunch Rooms, Corner 1th and E Streets, is a 
popular resort for those who desire refreshments. Mr. Hagerty makes a 
specialty of Mixed Drinks, and after an experience of eighteen years, he 
certainly should be qualified to concoct a Punch or Julep. 

RESTAURANT. 

MR. W. H. WILKENING, 

Proprietor of this popular resort, 837 Pennsylvania Avenue, is prepared 
at all times to furnish the choice selections of the season, including the 
finest of Wines and Liquors. 

•'HOLE IX THE WALL." 

FRANK HAGERTY. 

This Restaurant is presided over by the popular Fkank Basbbtt, and 
is located at 454 Louisiana Avenue, opposite the City Hall. The usual dis- 
count of fifteen per cent, allowed on coin and currency. 



COLLECTION OFFICE. 

WILLIAM H. BENNETT, 

Constable and Collector, 476 Louisiana Avenue. Business intrusted to 
Mr. Bennett will meet with prompt attention and quick returns. 






1G8 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 

CLARK HOUSE. 

MR. LAWRENCE CLARK, 

For twenty-five years a resident of the District, has established him- 
self in the above house, Corner 7th mid L Sts., South- West, opposite the 
River Front. 

John L. Clark, formerly of 6th and C Streets, North-West, chip of the 
old block, presides in the office, where his friends will be sure of a 
hearty welcome. 

AMERICAN HOUSE. 

DUFFY & LEANNARDA. 

The American House, Corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Seventh Street^ 
is the oldest established house in Washington, and having been recently 
renovated and refitted, this house is prepared to offer great inducements 
to the public. 

To parties desiring to enjoy a few days in the city, this house especially 
commends itself, combining home comforts with a Hotel table. Being 
centrally located, within five minutes walk of all Railroad and Steamboat 
lines, convenient to the Government Departments, and Street Cars pass- 
ing the door in all directions. 

To those of their old patrons in the County who have been familiar 
with the House for years past it is unnecessary to speak further, and to 
their friends, the Messrs. Duffy & Leannarda promise careful atten- 
tion and a determination to please. 



FREDERICK, MARYLAND. 

"DILL HOUSE" 

PICKING & DEAN. 

This popular House has recently been refurnished and renovated 
throughout, while its central location, being in close proximity to the 
Court House and Banks, makes it a desirable resort for those whose 
business requires them in this direction. The Proprietors, Messrs. 
Picking & Dean, are gentlemen who know the requirements of guests, 
and are always on the alert to supply their wants. Mr. Dean is a host 
within himself, and from long experience is well qualified to realize the 
wants of the public. He is the right man in the right place. 



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